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Photocatalytic Nanofiber Membranes for the Degradation associated with Micropollutants in addition to their Antimicrobial Activity: Latest Developments and Future Prospects.
BACKGROUND Objectives were to determine the proportion of eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that contributed data to individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) and explore associated factors. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING IPDMAs with ≥10 eligible RCTs were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane May 1, 2015 to February 13, 2017. Mixed effect logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with data contribution. RESULTS Of 774 eligible RCTs from 35 included IPDMAs, 517 (67%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 63-70%) contributed data. Compared to RCTs from journals with low impact factors (0-2.4), RCTs from journals with higher impact factors were more likely to contribute data impact factor 5.0-9.9, odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% CI 1.37-4.86; impact factor 10.0-19.9, OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.0-10.8; impact factor >20.0, OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9- 11.4. RCTs from the United Kingdom were more likely to contribute data than those from the United States (reference; OR 2.4, 95% CI, 1.3-4.6). There was an increase in OR per publication year (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.09). selleck chemical CONCLUSION Country where RCTs are conducted, impact factor of the journal where RCTs are published, and RCT publication year were associated with data contribution in IPDMAs with ≥10 eligible RCTs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fourth in cancer mortality worldwide, and third in China. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a main risk factor for HCC in China, and the early diagnosis of HCC in high-risk population is very important. However, the commonly used diagnostic biomarker alpha-fetoprotein has limitations in clinical practice. In order to identify reliable and noninvasive HCC urinary biomarkers, a high-throughput proteomics streamline was applied in the analysis of urine samples from 74 HCC and 82 high-risk patients with chronic HBV infected liver diseases. Candidate diagnostic markers were screened by feature selection algorithm, and were combined with random forest or simple voting algorithms in the training dataset. Then the multiple feature models were validated in an independent test dataset. The selected features were further verified by Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) in another independent dataset. By integrating 7 features (HPX, GOT1, APOH, GLRX, APCS, NCR3LG1 and PLG) screened id in discovering HCC biomarkers from high-risk population. This result will be helpful for HCC auxiliary diagnosis and surveillance in a noninvasive way. V.Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is considered to be a useful animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). However, among the various symptoms of MS, the mechanisms contributing to inflammatory anorexia remain unclear. In the present study, we used an EAE rat model to examine changes in expression levels of hypothalamic feeding-related peptide genes and neuroendocrine responses such as the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The weight gain and cumulative food intake in EAE rats in the early days after immunization was significantly lower than that of the control group. The expression of orexigenic peptide genes Npy and Agrp were significantly increased, whereas the levels of anorectic peptide genes (Pomc and Cart) were significantly decreased in the hypothalamus of EAE rats. There was also a significant increase in the mRNA and plasma oxytocin (OXT) but not of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of EAE rats at days 12 and 18 after immunization. The expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) and Avp was downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the parvocellular division of the PVN at day 12 after immunization. The expression level of Pomc in the anterior pituitary significantly increased, accompanied by increased plasma corticosterone levels, at days 6, 12, and 18 after immunization. These results suggest that inflammatory anorexia in rat EAE may be caused by activation of the OXT-ergic pathway and HPA axis via changes in the expression of hypothalamic feeding-related peptides, including Avp but not Crh. Oxytocin (Oxt) is considered as a potential agent to treat multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear, nasal administration is considered to be a potential way to deliver Oxt into blood vessels. The development of an easier, more stable and efficient way is expected. A recent study demonstrated that orally administered Oxt can be transmitted into blood if it is prevented from degradation in stomach and reaches the intestinal tract. In this study, we pretreated mice with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), omeprazole (20 mg/kg), and administered capsulized Oxt (0.25 mg), so that the Oxt can be prevented from degradation by pepsin due to the low pH in stomach and reach the intestinal tract. Functionally, these mice showed a similar decrease in food intake to those who underwent intraperitoneal administration. We also confirmed that this method dramatically increased plasma Oxt levels and the expression of neural activation marker c-Fos protein in the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Our study showed that by pretreating mice with PPI, Oxt in a gelatin-coated capsule can prevent Oxt from degradation by pepsin in stomach, and reach the bloodstream in an effective concentration. These results indicate that our method is a promising oral delivery of Oxt and should be investigated further for other peptide agents based on peripheral injection or nasal administration. OBJECTIVES Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is a critical function in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and its deregulation is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Here, we performed a genetic screen using islets isolated from the BXD panel of advanced recombinant inbred (RI) lines of mice to search for novel regulators of insulin production and secretion. METHODS Pancreatic islets were isolated from 36 RI BXD lines and insulin secretion was measured following exposure to 2.8 or 16.7mM glucose with or without exendin-4. Islets from the same RI lines were used for RNA extraction and transcript profiling. QTL mapping was performed for each secretion condition and combined with transcriptome data to prioritize candidate regulatory genes within the identified QTL regions. Functional studies were performed by mRNA silencing or overexpression in MIN6B1 cells and by studying mice and islets with beta-cell-specific gene inactivation. RESULTS Insulin secretion under the 16.7 mM glucose plus exendin-4 condition mapped significantly to a chromosome 2 QTL.
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