Notes

The actual plantaris muscles * Anatomical curiosity or perhaps a construction significant specialized medical value? * An extensive report on the current novels.
OBJECTIVE In a previous study of patients newly enrolled in HIV care, we observed that clinicians were less likely to address emotional issues expressed by African-American patients compared to whites. We sought to verify and expand these findings in a larger group of patients established in HIV care. METHODS We used VR-CoDES to analyze transcripts from 342 audio-recorded medical visits in the United States. We used random intercept multilevel logistic regression to assess associations between patient and clinician characteristics and patterns of emotional talk. RESULTS African-American patients were less likely than others to spontaneously express emotions (OR 0.50; 95 % CI 0.29-0.85). Clinicians, who were predominantly white, were more likely to respond to emotional expressions by African-American patients explicitly (OR 1.56; 95 % CI 1.11-2.20) but less likely to offer neutral/passive responses that provide space for emotional conversation (OR 0.56; 95 % CI 0.37-0.84) and more likely to block discussion of the emotional issue (OR 2.20; 95 % CI 1.05-4.63). Emotional talk did not vary by patient age or gender. CONCLUSION These results confirm our prior findings, demonstrating less open emotional communication between African-American patients and their providers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Addressing racial differences in communicating about emotions may reduce disparities in patient-clinician relationships. Published by Elsevier B.V.The rate of drug-induced proliferation (DIP) has been proposed as an unbiased alternative drug effect metric. However, current assays are not easy and precise enough to track minor changes in cell growth. Here, we report the optimized EZMTT based detection method which can continuously measure time-dependent growth after drug treatment and reliably detect partial drug resistance for cancer cells. Importantly, tracking time-dependent growth after drug treatment demonstrated that a KGA allosteric inhibitor alone failed to completely inhibit cancer cell growth, but a drug combination was able to provide complete inhibition in cell-based assays that translated well in in vivo animal experiments. In conclusion, this simple EZMTT method provided precise measurement of loss of susceptibility after drug treatment and has great potential to be developed for drug efficacy and drug combination studies to solve the unmet medical need. Disulfiram in conjunction with copper has been shown to be a potent anticancer agent. However, disulfiram's therapeutic potential in prostate cancer is hindered by off-target effects due to its reactive and nucleophilic thiol-containing component, diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC). To minimize undesirable reactivity, we have strategically blocked the thiol moiety in DTC with a cleavable p-aminobenzyl (pAB) group linked to peptide substrates recognized by prostate specific antigen (PSA). Here we report the synthesis and evaluation in cancer cell models of two PSA-activatable prodrugs HPD (Ac-HSSKLQL-pAB-DTC and RPD (RSSYYSL-pAB-DTC). In vitro exposure to PSA was found to trigger activation of HPD and RPD to release diethyldithiocarbamate, and both prodrugs were found to induce toxicity in prostate cancer cells, with HPD showing the most promising selectivity. With copper supplementation, the IC50 of HPD was 1.4 µM in PSA-expressing LNCaP cells, and 11 µM in PC3 cells that do not express PSA. These studies demonstrate the utility of using peptide recognition handles to direct the activity of dithiocarbamate prodrugs for selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells. PURPOSE Forearm deformity is common in hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). The results of ulnar lengthening and osteochondroma excision are generally favorable, both clinically and radiographically. This study aimed to assess the clinical, radiographic, and functional results of forearm reconstruction in patients with Masada type I deformity (osteochondroma in the distal ulna with radial bowing, without radial head dislocation). METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients with HMO who underwent surgical reconstruction for a Masada type I forearm deformity over a 10-year period. Eleven forearms in 10 patients underwent gradual ulnar lengthening with an external fixator. Age at the time of surgery was 5 to 12 years. Radiographic evaluation included ulnar shortening, radial articular angle, and carpal slip. Clinical evaluation included range of motion of the elbow and wrist. Functional outcomes were evaluated with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and the Short Fortion, improved range of motion, and better cosmesis, which future research may help to clarify. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic V. PURPOSE Psittacosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) psittaci that infects birds. Although potentially fatal, infections can be reduced by controlling the source of infection. We therefore described the epidemiology of psittacosis, focusing on the infection source. METHODS We descriptively analyzed psittacosis cases reported through national surveillance in Japan from 2007 to 2016. We also analyzed Chlamydia psittaci prevalence among captive psittaciformes during the same period. RESULTS One hundred eleven cases were reported, and the annual number and notification rate of psittacosis declined. While 58% were male and the median age was 61 years, the median age differed by gender (males 63 years, females 53 years), with more female cases in those aged less then 50 years. In addition, the most common infection source differed by gender (men columbiformes; women psittaciformes). The decline in notifications was associated with a decline in psittaciformes-associated cases, with a concomitant decline in female cases. CX-5461 manufacturer The prevalence of C. psittaci among captive psittaciformes also decreased over the period. CONCLUSIONS We found important differences in the epidemiology of psittacosis by gender, and the recent decrease in notifications correlated with decreasing C. psittaci prevalence in birds. Risk communications for psittacosis should consider the current epidemiology regarding gender, age, and infection source.
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