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An easy model to be able to are the cause of the actual quick increase with the leader version associated with SARS-CoV-2 in a number of nations along with the entire world.
Our phantom recipe was customized by mixing specific ratios of ink and spheres to match the optical properties of the different organs that were consider to be homogeneous.

An anthropomorphic thorax phantom with the desired optical properties (μa and μs') at 760nm was built and used to obtain "transdermal" GASMAS measurements of oxygen content within the lung cavity.

A protocol to build a robust optical phantom of the thorax of a neonate was used to conduct benchtop studies. This recipe can be implemented to reproduce the geometry and optical properties of any human or animal tissue.
A protocol to build a robust optical phantom of the thorax of a neonate was used to conduct benchtop studies. This recipe can be implemented to reproduce the geometry and optical properties of any human or animal tissue.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is frequently used to assess oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration in living tissue. Methods solving the inverse problem may include time-consuming nonlinear optimization or artificial neural networks (ANN) determining the absorption coefficient one wavelength at a time.

To present an ANN-based method that directly outputs the oxygen saturation and the hemoglobin concentration using the shape of the measured spectra as input.

A probe-based DRS setup with dual source-detector separations in the visible wavelength range was used. ANNs were trained on spectra generated from a three-layer tissue model with oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration as target.

Modeled evaluation data with realistic measurement noise showed an absolute root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of 5.1% units for oxygen saturation estimation. this website The relative RMS deviation for hemoglobin concentration was 13%. This accuracy is at least twice as good as our previous nonlinear optimization method. On blood-intralipid phantoms, the RMS deviation from the oxygen saturation derived from partial oxygen pressure measurements was 5.3% and 1.6% in two separate measurement series. Results during brachial occlusion showed expected patterns.

The presented method, directly assessing oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration, is fast, accurate, and robust to noise.
The presented method, directly assessing oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration, is fast, accurate, and robust to noise.
Our work advances the development of fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) by stabilizing the output polarization state of the light beam when the system is under environmental disturbance. While the fiber-based PS-OCT has been demonstrated previously, it remains a challenge for the traditional fiber-based PS-OCT to obtain a stable measurement when the optic fibers are disturbed by the environment. This important issue is addressed, paving the path for clinical translation of PS-OCT, which can provide a unique perspective of the biological samples.

Polarization maintaining common-path (CP) interferometer is fabricated with the goal of providing a stable fiber-based PS-OCT imaging system that is only responsive to the polarization changes generated by the sample, immune to environmental conditions.

The system is implemented by incorporating a CP interferometer together with polarization maintaining (PM) fibers. The PM fibers are used to preserve the two orthogonal lineaunder the environmental disturbances to the system.
A new concept of a biotissue phantom for terahertz (THz) biomedical applications is needed for reliable and long-term usage.

We aimed to develop a new type of biotissue phantom without water content and with controllable THz optical properties by applying graphite powders into a polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) matrix and to give a numerical description to the THz optical properties of the phantoms using the Bruggeman model (BM) of the effective medium theory (EMT).

The THz optical properties of graphite and the PVCP matrix were measured using THz time-domain spectroscopy, which works in the frequency range from 0.1 to 1THz. Two phantoms with 10% and 12.5% graphite were fabricated to evaluate the feasibility of describing phantoms using the EMT. The EMT then was used to determine the concentration of graphite required to mimic the THz optical properties of human cancerous and healthy oral tissue.

The phantom with 16.7% of graphite has the similar THz optical properties as human cancerous oral tissuin a narrow frequency range. The BM proved to be a suitable numerical model of the phantom.Artificial biology is an emerging concept that aims to design and engineer the structure and function of natural cells, organelles, or biomolecules with a combination of biological and abiotic building blocks. Cell mimicry focuses on concepts that have the potential to be integrated with mammalian cells and tissue. In this feature article, we will emphasize the advancements in the past 3-4 years (2017-present) that are dedicated to artificial enzymes, artificial organelles, and artificial mammalian cells. Each aspect will be briefly introduced, followed by highlighting efforts that considered key properties of the different mimics. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities will be outlined. This article is categorized under Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.Skin water content monitoring is important for diagnostics and management of edema, dehydration, and other skin conditions as well as for cosmetic applications. Because optoacoustic (OA) technique has high (optical) contrast and (ultrasound) resolution and significant probing depth, it may be suitable for accurate, noninvasive water content monitoring in the skin. In this work we studied OA response from skin tissue phantoms and human wrist skin in the wavelength range from 1370 nm to 1650 nm using a novel, tunable OPO OA system. We identified optimal wavelengths for OA water content monitoring in different skin layers. The results of our study suggest that the OA technique may become a valuable, quantitative tool for accurate, high-resolution water content monitoring in the skin and other tissues and may find wide applications in dermatology, cosmetology, and tissue trauma management.
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