Notes

Glutathione Contribution from the Prevention of Heart diseases.
stem bark is used as a remedy for malaria in north-central and southern Nigeria. Based on its traditional use, this study was conducted to investigate the antiplasmodial, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential of an extract of
stem bark.

A 70% v/v ethanol extract of stem bark of
was prepared by cold maceration. Fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and residual) were also prepared. The extract was screened for hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activity effects. The effect of the extract and fractions against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and multi-drug resistant (W2mef)
was assessed. Acute toxicity test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing in mice, and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats were also employed to screen the extract. Chromatographic fingerprints of the extract and active fraction were obtained.

extract showed no cytotoxic or significant hemolytic effects and did not cause acute toxicity or mortality. The ethanol extract exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity while the dichloromethane fraction showed high activity against
3D7 (IC
=6.44μg/ml) and W2mef (IC
=6.30μg/ml) respectively. The extract elicited significant (
<0.05) attenuation of acetic acid-induced writhing and significantly (
<0.05) ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia at 300mg/kg. The HPLC profile of the dichloromethane fraction showed peaks with retention times that corresponded with those of rutin and caffeic acid.

extract has antiplasmodial, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential and its antiplasmodial constituents are concentrated in its dichloromethane fraction.
Burkea africana extract has antiplasmodial, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential and its antiplasmodial constituents are concentrated in its dichloromethane fraction.Background and Aim; Chronic urticaria (CU) is a fluctuating and pruritic erythematous papule that persists for over six weeks. It affects 0.5-1% of the population and interferes with subjective well-being and daily life. Its etiology is highly complex which makes a causal and/or curative treatment difficult. Nonsedating H1-antihistamines are given as symptomatic therapy, which reduces symptoms effectively in less then 50% of patients. In Unani medicine, urticaria is known as Shara and treated according to its established etiology. The present study objective was to investigate the effect of herbal combination of Unani medicine (HCUM) comprising Rosa damascena Mill, Bambusa arundinacea Linn, Cinnamomum camphora Linn, Mentha arvensis Linn, in comparison with Levocetirizine in CU. Experimental procedure; This randomized open-labeled standard control clinical trial was conducted between 42 male/female patients aged 20-50 years with moderate to severe CU who were randomly allocated in a 31 ratio into HCUM and Levocetirizine 5 mg groups. HCUM powder 5.125 Gm and Levocetirizine 5 mg were given for 4 weeks. Urticaria activity score (UAS7) and chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-Q2oL) were primary and secondary outcomes and analyzed per protocol. Results A total of 40 patients completed the study. Data analysis showed a significant decrease (P= less then 0.001) in the scores of UAS7 (32.43 ± 2.34-14.03 ± 2.16 and 32.10 ± 2.33-28.40 ± 3.78) and CU-Q2oL (67.57 ± 9.56-36.50 ± 3.01 and 65.20 ± 11.78-59.60 ± 11.13) in HCUM and Levocetirizine groups respectively. Conclusion As an alternative treatment in terms of safety, efficacy, tolerability, and quality of life the HCUM treatment proved to be more effective than Levocetirizine 5 mg in moderate to severe CU.The Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus) mushroom was traditionally used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases. For many years, mounting evidence has indicated the potential of I. obliquus extracts for treatment of viral and parasitic infections. Furthermore, substances from I. obiquus have been shown to stimulate the immune system. The most promising finding was the demonstration that I. obliquus has hypoglycemic and insulin sensitivity potential. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of I. obliquus extracts in counteracting the progression of cancers and diabetes mellitus as well as their antiviral and antiparasitic activities and antioxidant role. selleck As shown by literature data, various authors have tried to determine the molecular mechanism of action of I. obliquus extracts. Two mechanisms of action of I. obliquus extracts are currently emerging. The first is associated with the broad-sense impact on antioxidant enzymes and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The other is related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) effects. This receptor may be a key factor in the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity of I. obliquus extracts. It can be concluded that I. obliquus fits the definition of functional food and has a potentially positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition; however, studies that meet the evidence-based medicine (EBM) criteria are needed.A 30-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 1 + 1), with a previous uncomplicated pregnancy and vaginal delivery, was diagnosed with both type 1 Arnold-Chiari malformation and symptomatic multi-level lumbar disc prolapse in her inter-pregnancy period. During this index pregnancy, she experienced progressively worsening occipital headaches radiating to both arms, severe low back pain radiating to both legs and weakness in both legs. She had no urinary or bowel symptoms. She was successfully managed through pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team that included obstetricians, orthopedic and neurosurgeons, obstetric anesthetists and physiotherapists. She had an uncomplicated cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. As far as we can tell, this is the first report of both conditions in a pregnant woman.A complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus (CHMCF) is a rare form of twin pregnancy. High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) can occur after a CHMCF pregnancy, although the frequency is low. In cases of GTN, the clinical diagnosis and that based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) scoring system can differ. This case report concerns a patient with a choriocarcinoma that was initially diagnosed and treated as a low-risk stage III GTN following a live birth from a CHMCF pregnancy. We used short tandem repeat (STR) analysis to identify the causative pregnancy as the patient's earlier complete hydatidiform mole. Clinicians should anticipate a high-risk GTN when treating persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) in patients with a non-typical course.
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