Notes

Suicidality Between Psychiatrically Hospitalized Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and/or Pondering Junior: Threat and also Protecting Factors.
Regression analysis of variables demonstrated there was no significant relationship between the demographic variables and macular CVI. selleck However, the analysis demonstrated age and CVI of the peripapillary area were significantly correlated. Further stratification revealed significantly higher CVI in the optic disc in subjects over 45.

Peripapillary CVI in all quadrants is higher than macular CVI in all age groups. CVI significantly increases after the age of 45 in the peripapillary area but not macular area. This suggests that stromal area decline is greater than the decline of the luminal area in the choroid at the peripapillary area as age increases.
Peripapillary CVI in all quadrants is higher than macular CVI in all age groups. CVI significantly increases after the age of 45 in the peripapillary area but not macular area. This suggests that stromal area decline is greater than the decline of the luminal area in the choroid at the peripapillary area as age increases.
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis is a chronic bilateral seasonally exacerbated allergy affecting the conjunctiva and cornea of children. As technology has advanced, newer medications have been developed for the control of the disease.

To assess the effectiveness of an immunomodulator, cyclosporine, in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Fifty patients of moderate, severe to very severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis were selected for the study. They were given cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops in loading dose followed by gradual tapering. Symptoms and signs were recorded at presentation, after two weeks, after four weeks, after two months and after three months.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, being a chronic disease showed marked improvement with immunomodulator therapy. There was significant improvement in the symptom and sign score initially, at the first follow up itself with symptom score reduction from median of mean of 2.4 to 0.6 (p=0.00) and a similar sign score reduction from 1.75 to 0.625 (p=0.00). There was gradually more improvement as therapy continued and the beneficial effects were maintained till the end point of the study at three months where median of mean symptom score was 0.4 (p=0.00) and similar sign score of 0.375 (p= 0.000).

Topical cyclosporine proved to be an effective and safe treatment strategy to treat cases of moderate, severe and very severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Topical cyclosporine proved to be an effective and safe treatment strategy to treat cases of moderate, severe and very severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is emerging as a leading cause of childhood blindness. The incidence of ROP is likely to increase after improvement in neonatal care unit in premature neonates. This study is conducted to determine the perinatal risk factors for ROP in preterm and low birth weight neonates.

This is a prospective, descriptive and clinical; hospital based study. A total of 92 preterm neonates with gestational age of 36 weeks or less and birth weight of 2000 grams or less admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were screened. Detailed antenatal, perinatal and neonatal history; birth asphyxia and subsequent oxygen support records were noted. All the neonates underwent detailed anterior and posterior segment eye examination with indirect binocular ophthalmoscope after pupil dilatation within 4 weeks of life. Retinal vascular changes were classified according to the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The Chi-square test with odds ratio was performed to derive the association between ROP and antenatal, perinatal and neonatal factors. A p-value was considered significant at 0.05.

Out of 92 neonates, 21(22.8%) developed ROP. Twelve neonates (13%) had stage-1 ROP, 6(6.5%) had stage-2 and 3(3.3%) had stage-3 ROP. Birth weight (OR=2.9; p=0.04; 95% CI=1.0-8.3), gestational age (OR=3.9; p=0.01; 95% CI=1.3-11.8) and time span of oxygen exposure (OR=2.9; p=0.05; 95% CI=1.0-8.4) had a strong association with ROP.

The incidence of ROP is significantly high among preterm low birth weight neonates. The risk of developing ROP becomes even greater with lower gestational age and more duration of oxygen exposure.
The incidence of ROP is significantly high among preterm low birth weight neonates. The risk of developing ROP becomes even greater with lower gestational age and more duration of oxygen exposure.
Cortical visual impairment denotes vision loss from pathology posterior to the lateral geniculate nucleus. The pathology may involve the optic radiations, as well as the occipital cortex.

To find out the profiles of cortical visual impairment patients visiting the pediatric outpatient department.

The study is a hospital based retrospective study in which all consecutive patients diagnosed with cortical visual impairment were included. A total of 40 patients were collected. Detailed history taking and clinical examination was done. Visual acuity was taken by fixation and follows method. Among 40 patients, only two patients were advised to use glass and the rest did not have significant refractive error. Myopia ranged from (-2D to -5D) and five patients were myopic. Astigmatism ranged from (-0.5 to -2.5 x 108°) and 10 patients had astigmatism. Suspected patients were advised for Computed Tomography/ Magnetic Resolution Imaging (CT/MRI) of the brain.

The male female ratio was 32, the age group ranged fropairment by limiting birth asphyxia and postnatal infections.
There are not many studies of pediatric trauma in Nepal. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the visual outcome of pediatric traumatic cataract and causes of poor visual acuity.

In this hospital based prospective study, all children visiting the pediatric department of Lumbini Eye Institute and Research Center with traumatic cataract and visual outcome after surgery from July 2018 to August 2019 were evaluated. A total of 136 children ranging from age (0 months to 15 years) with traumatic cataract were included in the study. Data on age of presentation, sex and diagnosis were collected from clinical charts and analyzed.

The study enrolled 136 cases with traumatic cataract. 72.1% male and 27.9% female patients were involved with the average age being 9.46 years (SD 2.95). Final visual acuity was better than 20/60 in 73 percent of the children. Visual acuity was poor in 27 percent of children. In children with poor visual acuity 44 percent of the patients had corneal opacity, 23 percent had retinal detachment and 18 percent had vitreous opacification secondary to trauma.
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