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PRETERIT
The preterit tense is used to talk about events that happened at a specific time in the past.
The preterit tense in Spanish is formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem:
For -AR verbs use these endings:
(yo) -é
(nosotros) -amos
(tú) -aste
(vosotros) -asteis
(él,ella, usted) -ó
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) -aron
For -ER and -IR verbs use these endings:
(yo) -í
(nosotros) -imos
(tú) -iste (vosotros) -isteis
(él, ella, usted) -ió
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) -ieron
There are four Spanish irregular verbs that must be memorized in the preterit. They are dar, hacer, ser, and ir. Here are their preterit forms:
Dar
di dimos
diste
disteis
dio dieron
Hacer
hice hicimos
hiciste hicisteis
hizo
hicieron
Ser
fui
fuimos
fuiste fuisteis
fue
fueron
Ir
fui
fuimos
fuiste fuisteis
fue
fueron
Irregular Stems
This group of verbs use regular preterit endings, but have irregular stems. Here is a list of the verbs and their irregular stems in the preterit:
Inifinitive Preterit Stem
Andar anduv-
Caber cup-
Estar estuv-
Haber hub-
Hacer hic-
Poder pud-
Poner pus-
Querer quis-
Saber sup-
Tener tuv-
Venir vin-
Remember that present-tense stem-changing -IR verbs will also change in the preterit, but they change from e-i or o-u. However, these changes only happen in the third person. For example:
Vestir- Present Form
visto vestimos
vistes vestís
viste visten
Vestir- Preterit Form
vestí
vestimos
vestiste vestisteis
vistió vistieron
Morir- Present Form
muero
morimos
mueres
morís
muere mueren
Morir - Preterit Form
morí
morimos
moriste
moristeis
murió
murieron
FUTURE
The future tense is used to talk about things that will occur in the future.
The future tense is formed by adding the following endings to the infinitive form:
(yo)-é (nosotros) -emos
(tú) -ás (vosotros) -éis
(él, ella, usted) -á (ellos, ellas, ustedes) -án
There are 12 verbs that have an irregular stem in the future tense. Here is a list of the irregular verbs and their irregular stems, along with the yo form of each for reference.
Infinitive
Future Stem "Yo" Form Incorrect Form
caber
cabr-
cabré
(NOT caberé)
haber
habr- habré
(NOT haberé)
poder
podr- podré
(NOT poderé)
querer
querr- querré (NOT quereré)
saber
sabr- sabré
(NOT saberé)
poner pondr- pondré (NOT poneré)
salir
saldr- saldré
(NOT saliré)
tener
tendr-
tendré
(NOT teneré)
valer valdr-
valdré
(NOT valeré)
venir
vendr-
vendré
(NOT veniré)
decir
dir-
diré (NOT deciré)
hacer
har- haré (NOT haceré)
To form regular past tense verbs in the yo form, you either add -é or -í to the verb stem.
To form regular future tense verbs in the yo form, you add -é to the infinitive verb.
Be aware of the irregular verbs, and refer to the lists provided here when necessary.
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