Notes

Mouth Health-Related Quality of Life as well as Severity of Periodontal Illness.
The genera with the strongest correlations with relative metabolite levels (positively and negatively) were
, and
in the Firmicutes phylum, but associations varied by adult BMI category.

BMI is strongly related to fecal metabolite levels, and numerous associations between fecal microbial features and metabolite levels underscore the dynamic role of the gut microbiota in metabolism.

Characterizing the associations between the fecal microbiome, the fecal metabolome, and BMI, both recent and early-life exposures, provides critical background information for future research on cancer prevention and etiology.
Characterizing the associations between the fecal microbiome, the fecal metabolome, and BMI, both recent and early-life exposures, provides critical background information for future research on cancer prevention and etiology.
Previous studies of dairy consumption and colorectal cancer incidence have shown inconsistent results, and there was no meta-analysis of association of dairy consumption with colorectal cancer mortality. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of prospective cohort studies to investigate these associations.

PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies published up to July 2019, and a random effects model was used to estimate pooled RR.

We identified 31 prospective cohort studies, which included 24,964 and 2,302 cases for colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, respectively. The pooled RR of colorectal cancer incidence for the highest versus lowest categories of total dairy consumption was 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74-0.85]. For milk consumption, there was also a significant inverse association (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.86). For cheese and fermented milk consumption, overall no association was found, but studies conducted in Europe showed a significant inverse association for cheese (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97) and fermented milk consumption (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98). For colorectal cancer mortality, we found 29% lower risk of death from colorectal cancer in subjects with high dairy consumption compared with those with low intakes of dairy products (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93), but each type of dairy consumption did not show a significant association.

High dairy consumption was associated with lower colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.

Our findings suggest that high dairy consumption may be associated with lower colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, but further studies are warranted.
Our findings suggest that high dairy consumption may be associated with lower colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, but further studies are warranted.
African-American men have an elevated risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer. Shared decision-making (SDM) about prostate cancer screening is recommended but does not always occur.

We pilot-tested an online decision aid (DA) in primary care settings using a pre/postevaluation design among African-American men ages 45 to 70 years. Men completed surveys before and after using the DA, which had interactive segments (e.g., values clarification) and provided individualized assessment of prostate cancer risk. Primary outcomes included prostate cancer knowledge, confidence in ability to make informed decisions, decisional conflict, and satisfaction with the decision. Immediately after the clinical visit, patients reported the degree to which they were engaged by their provider in SDM.

Among this sample of men (
= 49), use of the DA was associated with increased knowledge about prostate cancer [mean = 55.3% vs. 71.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.8-22.1;
< 0.001], reduced decisional conflict (mean = 33.4 vs. 23.6; 95% CI, -18.1 to -1.6;
= 0.002) on a scale from 0 to 100, and a decreased preference to be screened (88% vs. 69%; 95% CI, 0.09-0.64;
= 0.01). Most (89%) reported that the DA prepared them well/very well for SDM with their provider. Following the clinical visit with providers, scores on perceived involvement in SDM were 68.1 (SD 29.1) on a 0 to 100 scale.

The DA improved men's knowledge, reduced decisional conflict, and promoted the perception of being prepared for SDM.

Findings suggest that use of an online DA to improve SDM outcomes warrants further testing in a future trial.
Findings suggest that use of an online DA to improve SDM outcomes warrants further testing in a future trial.
We investigate whether socially disadvantaged individuals are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of smoking and alcohol intake on allostatic load (AL), a marker of physiological 'wear and tear', resulting from adaptation to chronic stress.

In a cross-sectional analysis, 27019 men and 26738 women aged 35-74 years were identified from 21 European cohorts in the BiomarCaRE consortium. We defined three educational classes (EDs) according to years of schooling and an AL score as the sum of z-scores of eight selected biomarkers from the cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory systems. We used the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to disentangle the ED gradient in AL score into the
(DE, attributable to different distribution of smoking and alcohol intake across EDs) and the
(DS, attributable to a different effect of risk factors on AL across EDs) components.

Less-educated men (mean AL difference 0.68, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.79) and women (1.52, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.64) had higher AL scores. DE accounted for 7% and 6% of the gradient in men and women, respectively. In men, combining smoking and alcohol intake, DS accounted for 42% of the gradient (smoking DS coefficient=0.177, 26% of the gradient; alcohol DS coefficient=0.109; 16%, not statistically significant). DS contribution increased to 69% in metabolic markers. DS estimates were consistent across age groups, irrespective of comorbidities and robust to unmeasured confounding. FSEN1 No DS was observed in women.

In men, a DS mechanism substantially contributes to the educational class gradient in allostatic load.
In men, a DS mechanism substantially contributes to the educational class gradient in allostatic load.
To evaluate regional disparities in the influence of diabetes on population health, we examine life expectancies at age 50 between population with diabetes and healthy population and life quality among the population with diabetes among native-born Americans by birth region and current residence.

Using data on a cohort of 17 686 native-born individuals from the Health and Retirement Survey (1998-2014), we applied a Bayesian multistate life table method to estimate life expectancies at age 50 between population with diabetes and healthy population by each birth/current region combination. We further estimate the proportion of life remaining without either chronic conditions or disabilities as a quality of life measure and the probabilities that one region is worse than the other in terms of different health outcomes.

At age 50, persons with diabetes (PWD) were expected to live on average 5.8-10.8years less than their healthy equivalents across regions. Diabetes had the greatest influence on life expectancy (LE) for older adults who lived in the South at the time of interviews.
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