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01) in Ignatia amara treated animals, whereas significant decline (p less then 0.05) in struggling time was observed in Argentum nitricum administered animals after the 60th day as compared to 30th day. The central square crossings were improved highly significantly (p less then 0.001) after the 30th day dosing, by all three remedies and peripheral squares crossing were found highly significantly increased (p less then 0.001) after chronic dosing in Staphysagria and Ignatia amara treated groups. It is concluded from the results that all three homeopathic remedies produce comparable effects like standard drug while among all three remedies Staphysagria possess a potent antidepressant activity. To the best of our knowledge the current study reports first time the anti-depressant potential of homeopathic remedies in rodents.Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine exhibiting multiple bioactivities, showing antitumor and immune-enhancing effects. The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of aqueous extract from Dendrobium officinale on blood lipids and lipid peroxidation in hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemic rats were prepared and daily given an intragastric administration of Dendrobium officinale at doses of 0.25g/kg, 0.5g/kg, or 1g/kg, or an intragastric administration of 8mg/kg simvastatin. We determined increased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), reduced serum levels of HDL-C, elevated MDA levels, decreased activity of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT in liver tissues of hyperlipidemic rats. Intragastric administration of Dendrobium officinale reduced serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, increased serum levels of HDL-C, reduced MDA levels, and enhanced activity of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT in liver tissues of hyperlipidemic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, aqueous extract from Dendrobium officinale plays an inhibitory role in the formation of high blood lipid and strengthens the antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic rats.Carbopol® is a hydrophilic polymer commonly used in the preparation of oral controlled-release matrix tablets. These matrices are subjected to dissolution testing to investigate the rate and mechanism of drug release. The rate of drug release from these matrices is influenced by the viscoelastic properties of the gel layer formed upon hydration and surrounded tablet core. This study evaluates the gelation behavior and rheological characterization of Carbopol® in dispersion media, of varied chemical properties, commonly used in dissolution testing. The rheological properties of Carbopol® polymer underwent gelation were determined using a controlled-stress rheometer. Carbopol® gelation was not found in simulated gastric fluid of low pH (1.2-5.0) and simulated intestinal fluid of pH (5.0-6.5) during fasted (Fa) and fed (Fe) conditions. However, in water and at high pH (6.8-7.8), gelation occurred in phosphate buffers of high buffering capacity (β). Furthermore, no gelation was found in sodium chloride solutions of different ionic strengths (µ). These results highlight the importance of investigating the gelation behavior and rheological characterization of Carbopol® in dispersion media prior to dissolution testing. These preliminary studies can give an insight on the formation/absence of the gel layer around Carbopol® matrices which is responsible for controlling the release of drugs.Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most clinically significant nosocomial infectious agents. Clinical significance of this bacterium is intensified due to the phenomenon of its natural tendency for acquiring drug resistance mechanisms. PA produces pyocyanin (PCN), an important redox-active virulence factor. PCN has been detected in higher quantities in sputum samples of PA infected Cystic Fibrosis patients. PCN producing PA strains were isolated and characterized. Genomic 16s rRNA gene segment was amplified and sequenced (GenBank accession # jx280426). Epigenetics inhibitor PCN was extracted and purified. In silico analysis yielded permeability and cytotoxic potential of PCN in modeled cell lines. PCN has high intestinal absorption, plasma protein binding potential, and permeability across biological membranes. Oral toxicity study in in silico rodent model classified PCN in class IV 'harmful if swallowed' (ld50 0.3-2g/kg). Cytotoxicity was assessed by oxidative stress levels in different organs in balb/c mice induced by intra peritoneal PCN injection. Significant alterations in oxidative stress levels in different organs of balb/c mice were observed. Increased levels of oxidative stress were observed in lungs, and heart, lower in liver and spleen while muscle tissues showed no significant difference in comparison to control.Food supplements can modulate the composition of human intestinal microflora due to the potential capacity of improving the host health. Chitosan (CS) possesses diverse biological and pharmacological effects and has been used as a new source of prebiotic. In this study, ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus)-PCR and viable counts methods were combined to explore the prebiotic-like effects of CS on the intestinal microflora in mice. Mice were divided into 3 groups randomly, and treated with water, 1g/kg of CS, 0.25g/kg of CS, respectively for 24 days. Subsequently, they were treated with levofloxacin (65mg/kg) for 6 days. Viable counts method indicated the growth of Lactobacillus was promoted with CS treatment while at the same time Enterobacteria and Enterococcus were inhibited. ERIC-PCR fingerprint, UPGMA dendrogram, PCA and diversity analysis showed that the intestinal microflora composition was changed with antibiotics treatment, and that samples were significantly separated from those of the control and long-term CS-treated groups. Together, our results demonstrated that CS could be regarded as a potential food supplement for protecting intestinal microflora and regulate imbalance.7.12-dimethylbenz (α)anthracene (DMBA) is a carcinogenic compound. It is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzyme into 7.12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene-3.4-diol-1.2-epoxide (DMBA-DE) which is more reactive and can damage the hepatic cell. Furthermore, DMBA also can damage the kidneys and cause Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation resulting in oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the activity of Elephantopus scaber L as anticancer, hepatoprotector and nephroprotector. Forty female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups One control group and four treatment groups. Treatment group II was given 20mg/kg body weight (BW) of DMBA. Groups III, IV, and V were given DMBA and E. scaber extract at 50mg/kg BW, 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kgBW, respectively. Those treatments were orally administered for 5 weeks. Week 6-15 is a time to observe the appearance of nodules and body weight. At the beginning of the 16th week, blood was collected to calculate the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine.
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