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This study demonstrates that SIRT2 is actively transported into the nucleus via a process regulated by its C-terminus and provides a resource of SIRT2 interacting partners.This study aimed to validate a fully automatic method to quantify knee-extensor muscle volume and exercise-induced hypertrophy. By using a magnetic resonance imaging-based fat-water separated two-point Dixon sequence, the agreement between automated and manual segmentation of a specific ~15-cm region (partial volume) of the quadriceps muscle was assessed. We then explored the sensitivity of the automated technique to detect changes in both complete and partial quadriceps volume in response to 8 weeks of resistance training in 26 healthy men and women. There was a very strong correlation (r = 0.98, P  less then  0.0001) between the manual and automated method for assessing partial quadriceps volume, yet the volume was 9.6% greater with automated compared with manual analysis (P  less then  0.0001, 95% limits of agreement -93.3 ± 137.8 cm3). Partial muscle volume showed a 6.0 ± 5.0% (manual) and 4.8 ± 8.3% (automated) increase with training (P  less then  0.0001). check details Similarly, the complete quadriceps increased 5.1 ± 5.5% with training (P  less then  0.0001). The intramuscular fat proportion decreased (P  less then  0.001) from 4.1% to 3.9% after training. In conclusion, the automated method showed excellent correlation with manual segmentation and could detect clinically relevant magnitudes of exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy. This method could have broad application to accurately measure muscle mass in sports or to monitor clinical conditions associated with muscle wasting and fat infiltration.Ineffectiveness of the chemicals applied so far for waterlogged wood conservation created the need to develop new more, efficient and reliable agents. As an alternative, a new method with the use of organosilicon compounds differing in chemical composition and molecular weight has been investigated. The results obtained show the potential of organosilicons as consolidants in waterlogged wood conservation able to effectively stabilise wood dimensions upon drying. The best wood stabilisers were low-molecular organosilicons enable to penetrate the cell wall as well as chemicals with functional groups capable of interacting with wood polymers and forming stabilising coatings on the cell wall surface. The best anti-shrink efficiency values were obtained for (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, reaching 98, 91 and 91%, respectively. Most of the applied organosilicons reduced wood hygroscopicity, which limits the risk of further dimensional changes of wood exposed to a variable air moisture content and potentially reduces wood biodegradation. In the light of our studies, the proposed method of waterlogged wood conservation with organosilicons is potentially reversible in the case of siloxanes and amino-silanes as well as retreatable, which complies with the requirements of the conservation ethics.Maintaining the pluripotency of either embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is a fundamental part of stem cell research. In this study, we reported that cordycepin promoted the expression of pluripotency markers in ES and iPS cells. ES cells treated with cordycepin demonstrated their potential for generating embryoid bodies and differentiating into all three germ layers. The expression levels of phospho-Jak2, phospho-Stat3, integrin αV, and integrin β5 were increased after cordycepin treatment. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of IL-6 family proteins (IL-6, IL-11, LIF, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were also upregulated after cordycepin treatment, but were restored after co-treatment with a Jak2 inhibitor (AG490). The gene expression levels of Yamanaka factors were upregulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) after cordycepin treatment. Moreover, the generation efficiencies of iPS cells were elevated after cordycepin treatment. We found that iPS cells generated after cordycepin treatment, not only expressed pluripotency markers, but also showed the ability of differentiating into neuron stem/progenitor cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that cordycepin maintained the pluripotency of stem cells via regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and improved the generation efficiency of iPSCs.Megakaryocytes (MKs) play key roles in regulating bone metabolism. To test the roles of MK-secreted factors, we investigated whether MK and promegakaryocyte (pro-MK) conditioned media (CM) may affect bone formation and resorption. K562 cell lines were differentiated into mature MKs. Mouse bone marrow macrophages were differentiated into mature osteoclasts, and MC3T3-E1 cells were used for osteoblastic experiments. Bone formation was determined by a calvaria bone formation assay in vivo. Micro-CT analyses were performed in the femurs of ovariectomized female C57B/L6 and Balb/c nude mice after intravenous injections of MK or pro-MK CM. MK CM significantly reduced in vitro bone resorption, largely due to suppressed osteoclastic resorption activity. Compared with pro-MK CM, MK CM suppressed osteoblastic differentiation, but stimulated its proliferation, resulting in stimulation of calvaria bone formation. In ovariectomized mice, treatment with MK CM for 4 weeks significantly increased trabecular bone mass parameters, such as bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, in nude mice, but not in C57B/L6 mice. In conclusion, MKs may secrete anti-resorptive and anabolic factors that affect bone tissue, providing a novel insight linking MKs and bone cells in a paracrine manner. New therapeutic agents against metabolic bone diseases may be developed from MK-secreted factors.Pre-operative discrimination of malignant masses is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prompt referral to a gynae oncology centre for optimal surgical intervention. HGSOC progression is correlated with local and systemic inflammation. We hypothesised that inclusion of inflammatory biomarkers in sera may improve diagnostic tests. In the training cohort, we tested four existing clinical tests (RMI score and ROMA, CA125 and HE4) and a panel of 28 immune soluble biomarkers in sera from 66 patients undergoing surgery for suspected ovarian cancer. Six promising immune biomarkers alone, or in combination with conventional tests, were subsequently analysed in an independent validation cohort (n = 69). IL-6 was identified as the main driver of variability followed closely by conventional diagnostic tests. Median sera IL-6 was higher in HGSOC patients compared to those with a benign mass or controls with normal ovaries (28.3 vs 7.3 vs 1.2 pg/ml, p  3.75 pg/ml as primary triage followed by conventional tests (CA125 or RMI score) identified ovarian cancer in patients with a misclassification rate of 4.
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