Notes

Proton irradiation effects about mechanochemically created along with flash-evaporated crossbreed organic-inorganic steer halide perovskites.
If, as we strongly suspect, this molecular pathway is responsible for the initiation and acceleration of articular cartilage degeneration, which eventually leads to progressive joint failure, then these molecules may be ideal therapeutic targets for the development of DMOADs. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] stress is the off-balance of antioxidants and free radicals. All kinds of disease and disorders give rise to oxidative damage including autoimmune diseases. An autoimmune disorder is a pathological condition characterized by the breakdown of self-tolerance of the immune system in the body. Immunological processes against tissues and organs leading to enhanced oxidative stress and in turn, misbalance of oxidative stress aggravates the pathobiology of the disease. Highly reactive nature of free radicals, for example, hydroxyl, superoxide ions, alter DNA, protein, and lipids in the body which augments the pathologic processes of diseases. The damaged biomolecules are responsible for systemic complications and secondary disease co-morbidities. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in some incapacitating autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type 1 Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis. Oxidative stress plays a central and course defining role in these diseases and it becomes a necessity to study the pathological mechanism involved around oxidative stress to better understand and offer treatment holistically. Presently there are no clinically available parameters for measurement and treatment for pathological oxidative stress, therefore it requires intensive research. Probably, in the future, the discovery of easily detectable markers of oxidative stress can aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of progressively destructive autoimmune diseases. Keywords Autoimmune diseases, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] is an intracellular cytoskeletal protein and one of the major components of the focal adhesion complex. It mainly acts as an interlink between transmembrane integrin receptors and cytosolic F-actin. Apart from integrins and actin, it also interacts with various other proteins in the adhesion complex to regulate their functional dynamics. Talin undergoes a variety of post-translational modifications and they are implicated in the control of cell motility. There are two talin isoforms (talin1 and talin2) in mammals and they are encoded by TLN1 and TLN2 genes. Recent studies showed that both the isoforms have some mechanistic dissimilarities in terms of their interaction with membrane-bound Integrins. Among the two isoforms, talin1 was well studied and most of the information available till now comes from talin1. The present review was aimed to provide an updated overview on the cellular significance of talin in normal and cancerous cells. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] is an aggressive bone cancer found in children and adolescents. The surgical removal of tumour and chemotherapy combined treatment for osteosarcoma has been widely accepted approach. However, the drug resistance developed by tumour cells resulted in recurrence of cancer. It is imperative to understand the molecular mechanism involved in the development of drug resistance and tumour progression for developing potential therapy. Tumour microenvironment and cellular cross talk via activation of various signalling pathways are responsible for tumour progression and metastasis. The comprehend reviews already available on the tumour microenvironment, signalling cascades responsible in tumour progression, and cellular crosstalk between malignant cells and immune cells. We intend to review on postulating the importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis. This paper orchestrated to provide information sequentially tumour microenvironment, MSCs role in osteosarcoma progression, hypoxic environment in MSCs recruitment at the tumour site and importance of exosomes in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. Overall, this review highlights may enlighten the research towards the MSCs and MSCs derived exosome role in osteosarcoma progression and drug resistance. This possibly may result in developing novel therapeutic approaches to combat the osteosarcoma effectively and improved prognosis tools for early diagnosis. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] is a cardiovascular disease that involves vessels through the development of fatty streaks and plaques. Plant-based compounds can help treat or prevent atherosclerosis by affecting various factors that are involved in the disease. The present review discusses our current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of phytotherapeutics for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have evaluated the antiatherosclerotic activity of phytoconstituents to provide preliminary evidence of efficacy, but only a few studies have delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Plant-derived phytotherapeutics primarily target abnormal levels of lipoproteins, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration, foam cell development, and atheromatous plaque formation. Nonetheless, the principal mechanisms that are responsible for their therapeutic actions remain unclear. Memantine Further pharmacological studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the antiatherosclerotic response to these phytoconstituents. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] is highly heterogeneous in nature and characterized by abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. It is responsible for second leading cause of death in the world. Nanotechnology is explored profoundly for site-specific delivery of cancer chemotherapeutics as well as overcome multidrug-resistance (MDR) challenges in cancer. The progress in design of various smart biocompatible materials (such as polymers, lipids and inorganic materials) has now been revolutionized the area of cancer research for rational design of nanomedicine by surface engineering with targeting ligands. The small tunable size and surface properties of nanomedicines provide the opportunity of multiple payloads and multivalent-ligand targeting to achieve drug efficacy even in MDR cancer. Further, effort being carried out in recent time for novel nano-pharmaceutical design, which focuses on the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agent simultaneously called as theranostics to assess the progress of therapy in cancer. This review aimed to discuss about the physicochemical manipulation of cancer nanomedicine for rational design and recent progress in the area of surface engineering of nanomedicines to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutics in MDR cancer as well.
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