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Therapeutic possible involving melatonin throughout colorectal cancer malignancy: Focus on fat metabolism and intestine microbiota.
In this study, persulfate (PS) activated with microwave (MW) irradiation was used to treat strongly alkaline (pH = 12.70-12.80) wastewater containing dinitrodiazophenol (DDNP). The effects of key factors such as the PS dosage, MW output power, influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), and inorganic anions concentration were studied, and the presence of reactive oxygen species was monitored in the MW-PS process. The results showed that at a PS dosage of 6.0 g L-1, MW output power of 750 W, and reaction time of 16 min, the COD was reduced by 74.07% and the color number by 99.40%. In addition, the reaction during the MW-PS process for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing DDNP was comparatively stable and it was relatively unaffected by anions (i.e., chloride, carbonate, nitrate, and bicarbonate ions). Furthermore, SO4·-, OH·, and O2·- jointly degraded organics in the MW-PS process, and O2·- played a vital role in the degradation of organics in the industrial wastewater containing DDNP. Controlled experiments showed that the MW-PS process performed better than MW-H2O2 and ozonation processes in the treatment of alkaline industrial wastewater containing DDNP. Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses also indicated that refractory organic compounds with functional groups such as benzene rings, nitro groups (-NO2), and diazo groups (-NN-) were effectively decomposed in the MW-PS process and transformed into intermediate products that contained N-H and -OH. Overall, the MW-PS process was found to be highly effective in the treatment of a strongly alkaline wastewater containing DDNP. Chelants application can increase the bioavailability of metals, subsequently limiting plant growth and reducing the efficiency of phytoremediation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and rhizobium have substantial potential to improve plant growth and plant tolerance to metal stress. We evaluated the effects of co-inoculation with a PGPR strain (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus) and a Cu-resistant rhizobium strain (Sinorhizobium meliloti) on the efficiency of biodegradable chelant (S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid; EDDS) assisted phytoremediation of a Cu contaminated soil using alfalfa. The highest total Cu extraction by alfalfa was observed in the EDDS-treated soil upon co-inoculation with the PGPR and rhizobium strains, which was 1.2 times higher than that without co-inoculation. Partial least squares path modeling identified plant oxidative damage and soil microbial biomass as the key variables influencing Cu uptake by alfalfa roots. Co-inoculation significantly reduced the oxidative damage to alfalfa by mitigating the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, and improving the antioxidation capacity of the plant in the presence of EDDS. EDDS application decreased microbial diversity in the rhizosphere, whereas co-inoculation increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and microbial community diversity. Increased relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Bacillus and the presence of Firmicutes taxa as potential biomarkers demonstrated that co-inoculation increased soil nutrient content, and improved plant growth. Co-inoculation with PGPR and rhizobium can be useful for altering plant-soil biochemical responses during EDDS-enhanced phytoremediation to alleviate phytotoxicity of heavy metals and improve soil biochemical activities. This study provides an effective strategy for improving phytoremediation efficiency and soil quality during chelant assisted phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. Methylisothiazolinone is a commonly used biocide that is released into natural environments. In this work, the ability of the fungal strain Phanerochaete chrysosporium DSM 1556 to biotransform this compound was evaluated. The tested strain was able to remove MIT (at concentrations 50 μg L-1 and 30 mg L-1) from the growth medium with the efficiency 90% after the first 6 h and 100% after 12 h of incubation. Moreover, for the first time, qualitative LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analysis showed monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated methylisothiazolinone and N-methylmalonamic acid as the main products of fungal biodegradation. The ecological toxicity of the tested biocide and its derivatives was also evaluated by using an acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna. An approximately 90% decrease in the toxicity of metabolites formed in the P. chrysosporium culture was noticed. The concentration of MIT in soil and water samples collected in Poland was assessed for the first time. Selleckchem Triapine The analysis showed that the selected locations in Poland are contaminated by MIT in the range from 1.04-10.08 μg L-1. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes involved in the contamination of aquatic environments since they release toxins that are highly potent and dangerous for living organisms. Prokaryotes produce endo and exotoxins, among others. Exotoxins are highly toxic, while endotoxins have milder toxic effects. The present study evaluated the cytotoxicogenetic potency of both toxins studying them in different concentrations of cyanobacterial biomasses (1 μg/L, 1.5 μg/L, 2 μg/L), to assess the amount of exotoxin present in the cultured medium in which the cyanobacteria were grown. For this evaluation, we used an extract taken from the medium in a concentration of 10%. Our results showed that genotoxic and mutagenic changes in Allium cepa could be observed in all of the varying concentrations of biomass (endotoxin action) and also in the medium induced with exotoxin. Even at low concentrations, these toxins were highly effective at triggering changes in the DNA molecules of organisms exposed to them. This information is highly significant when considering environmental contamination caused by cyanobacteria blooms, since the results of this study show that these toxins may not only kill organisms when found in high concentrations, but also induce mutations when found in low concentrations. Since these mutations are expressed later on in the organisms, it is impossible to associate the observed effect with the event that induced the damage.
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