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Conclusion  Though considered radioresistant, aneurysms show promising results with animal models of radiosurgery. The future lies in two hypothetical improvements with a supporting neighborhood or sensitization of the vessel wall that may change the natural history of an aneurysm, especially an unruptured one.Background/Objective  Mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neglected field especially with reference to its association with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional sequelae. The present study aimed to investigate the association of affective symptoms and clinical factors with neurocognitive functioning in complicated mild and moderate TBI patients. Materials and Methods  The sample comprised 39 complicated mild and moderate TBI patients with age range of 18 to 59 years. The study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The patients were assessed with the neurocognitive tests, Rivermead Post Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Statistical Analysis Partial correlations and zero order correlations were used to test the relationships between variables. Results The injury-related factors, namely level of consciousness and Glasgow Coma Scale were found to be associated with divided attention and memory dysfunction ( p less then 0.05), respectively. Anxiety was found to be associated with impairment on all domains of neurocognitive function ( p less then 0.05) except divided attention. Depressive symptoms were found to be correlated with all the neurocognitive functions ( p less then 0.05) except focused and divided attention, whereas head injury symptoms correlated with impairment on focused and divided attention ( p less then 0.05). Conclusion Present study highlights the need to acknowledge affective symptoms along with clinical factors in the planning of the rehabilitation programs for such patients in rural scenario.Objectives  Inappropriate use of mannitol is a medical error seen frequently in pre-neurosurgical head injury (HI) care that may result in serious adverse effects. This study explored this medical error amongst HI patients in a Nigerian neurosurgery unit. Methods  We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of HI patients who were administered mannitol by their initial non-neurosurgical health care givers before referral to our center over a 22-month period. Statistical Analysis  A statistical software was used for the analysis with which an α value of less then 0.05 was deemed clinically significant. Results  Seventy-one patients were recruited 17 (23.9%) from private hospitals, 13 (18.3%) from primary health facilities (PHFs), 20 (28.2%) from secondary health facilities (SHFs), and 21 (29.6%) from tertiary health facilities (THFs). Thirteen patients (18.3%) had mild HI; 29 (40.8%) each had moderate and severe HI, respectively. Pupillary abnormalities were documented in five patients (7.04%) with severe HI and neurological deterioration in two with mild HI. Mannitol administration was deemed appropriate in only 43.7% (31/71). Data on mannitol dosing in 60.6% (43/71) of the patients showed 8/43 (18.6%) receiving continuous 10% mannitol infusion. The remaining 35/43 received mannitol as a 20% solution but also showing dosing error in 62.9% (22/35) overdosing in 7/35 (20%), and nonbolus administration in 15/35 (42.9%). The distribution of the dosing error among the referring health facilities (all the 13 [100%] patients from private hospitals, 66.7% from PHF, 60% from SHF, and 45.5% from THF) showed a trend of better performance ( p = 0.002) by the THFs. Conclusion  Mannitol use is apparently fraught with an understudied medical error in the pre-neurosurgical care of the head injured.Objectives  This study aims to assess the knowledge of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (CNDDs) among mothers of children younger than 5 years and to promote awareness through health education to promote early identification. Methods  Quantitative approach, a descriptive survey in nature research design, was used. A total of 173 mothers who contented the inclusion conditions were chosen as sample on the basis of purposive sampling. The research study was done at the selected Primary Health Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka. The tabulations were measured and construed based on the objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results  The findings showed that most of the mothers have insufficient knowledge (mean and standard deviation 3.02 ± 2.75) and there is no substantial relationship found between mothers' knowledge on CNDD and their demographic variables except their occupation and majority of the mothers communicated that they needed further facts toward CNDD. Conclusion  The government and nongovernmental organizations can take initiations to conduct health education programs toward childhood developmental delays and disorders for the general public including mothers and community health workers.Objective  To identify the current management modalities practiced by neurosurgeons in India for degenerative lumbar disc disease. Materials and Methods  Survey questionnaires were prepared in Google forms. It covered the following aspects of managing the lumbar disc pathology (1) Demographic, institutional details, experience of surgeons, (2)choice of surgical procedures, (3) use of endoscopy and minimally invasive techniques, and (4) pre- and postoperative care. Responses obtained were entered in SPSS datasheet and analyzed. Results  Of the 300 surveys sent, 80 were returned and response rate was 26.6%. But four surveys were highly incomplete and were discarded from the analysis. selleck kinase inhibitor So, the study content is from the analysis of practices of 76 spinal surgeons working in different parts of the country. Majority of the spine surgeons ( n = 70) were neurosurgeons, while 6 were orthopaedic surgeons. Fifty-four were from urban area, 12 from semiurban area, and 10 from rural area. Forty-seven spine surgeons practicensus lacks in the operative, perioperative, and postoperative management of degenerative disc disease. Present survey points toward the importance of making management guidelines for this common spinal surgical entity.
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