Notes

Widespread Concern for Rest Rates regarding Quantum Dynamical Semigroup.
Thus, the review aims to prognosticate this dynamic approach in oncology, simultaneously highlighting the challenges and future prospects, providing an opportunity to the experts, to "go over with a fine tooth comb" in understanding this "programmed cell death pathway", and establishing reliability and accuracy of this therapeutic paradigm in the upcoming future.
As an emerging carbon nanomaterial, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great potential application in new energy storage devices due to their unique small size effect and abundant edge active sites. This work introduces the main synthesis strategies of GQDs, which includes top-down and bottom-up methods; the application examples of GQDs and GQDs-based composites in energy storage are reviewed, and more, the unique advantages of GQDs are used in supercapacitors, Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and Lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S batteries) are highlighted. The problems and development prospects in this growing area are also discussed.

We conducted a detailed search of "the application of GQDs in energy storage devices" in the published papers and the public patents based on Web of Science database in the period from 2014 to 2020. The corresponding literature was carefully evaluated and analyzed.

Sixty papers and twenty-eight recent patents were included in this mini-review. The significant advances in the recent years are summarized with comparative and balanced discussion. Thanks to the unique properties of large specific surface area, high conductivity and abundant active sites, GQDs have unparalleled potential application for new energy storage, especially improving the specific capacity and cycle stability of supercapacitors, LIBs and Li-S batteries.

The findings of this mini-review confirm the importance of GQDs, show the enhanced electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, LIBs and Li-S batteries, and also provide a helpful guide to design and fabricate highefficiency electrode materials.
The findings of this mini-review confirm the importance of GQDs, show the enhanced electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, LIBs and Li-S batteries, and also provide a helpful guide to design and fabricate highefficiency electrode materials.
Nanotechnology assures to be the base of the upcoming industrial revolution. The role that nanotechnology plays in electronic devices became a question of concern among the researchers when nanotechnology started to be the focal point of research programs in developed and developing countries of the world. Nanoelectronics, formed by combining nanotechnology and electronics deals with the handling, characterization, engineering, and manufacturing of electronic devices at nanoscale.

By reducing the size of materials, their electronic properties alter, and inter-atomic interactions and quantum effects gain significant importance. The challenge lies in interpreting their electronic properties at nanoscale so that they can be exploited for use in new generation electronic devices. Need to trim downsize and have a higher component density have ushered us into an era of nanoelectronics.

This work presents a detailed review of nanotechnology, its approach towards nanoelectronics, classification and types of nanomaterials used in nanoelectronics, application areas of nanoelectronics and measuring instruments with characterization at nanoscale. Also, the work incorporates latest developments and patents in nanoelectronics.

In this manuscript, the authors have reviewed different aspects of nanotechnology in the field of electronics, recent patents and related advancements.
In this manuscript, the authors have reviewed different aspects of nanotechnology in the field of electronics, recent patents and related advancements.Nanomedicine is a branch of healthcare, which has many clinical applications. Nanoscale science has to presume an attractive slot for research in drug delivery as nanocarriers either through active or passive targeting approaches to the cell-specific drug delivery. RXDX-106 in vivo Liposomes, solid-lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanofibers are nanocarriers that are proved too smart nano-based drug delivery system. The nanoparticulate system shows high stability, high specificity, high efficacy, liability to form in different dosage, used through different routes, as well as the ability to deliver hydrophobically as well as hydrophilic drugs. These nanoparticulate systems are showing wider applications to cure the disease through nanomedicines and biomedical applications viz. chemical and biological sensors, information storage systems, magneto-optic, optical devices, and fiber-optic systems. In this review article, the author describes the various smart nano-based drug delivery system along with their endocytic pathways used for the uptake of nanoparticles.
Pemetrexed is a folate analogue metabolic inhibitor for mammalian cells. Pemetrexed is established to be toxic to several cancer cells by interfering with their new biosynthesis of nucleotides and thus causing cell apoptosis. Presently, Pemetrexed is given to patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

This review focuses on the recent patents of Pemetrexed. This assessment includes patents grouped in segments like crystalline form patent, composition related patents, product patents, as well as a method of treatment. The aim of this review is to simplify inventors with altogether existing patents at a single place.

Data were searched from several available databases. In which, paid databases include Orbit® and SciFinder®. Free databases include Worldwide Espacenet® (EPO), Patentscope® (WIPO), InPASS (Indian patent database) and Google Patents.

Some new polymorph and composition related inventions of Pemetrexed have been recently patented as its orange-book listed patents will soon expire in May 2022. Further, because of the problem of oxidation through the development and continuing storage of Pemetrexed composition, several excipients are experimented within these patents to stabilize the same. Nevertheless, there is a need for further development of an improved composition of Pemetrexed with improved characteristics.

Wide research has been conducted on different processes for preparing Pemetrexed and formulation thereof. Such type of active research may clear the track for the generic companies in the United States which produces in the reduction of the price of the formulation and hence, providing universal health care at economic prices.
Wide research has been conducted on different processes for preparing Pemetrexed and formulation thereof. Such type of active research may clear the track for the generic companies in the United States which produces in the reduction of the price of the formulation and hence, providing universal health care at economic prices.
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