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Cultural capital being a part explanation for girl or boy income spaces.
Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of head and neck carcinosarcoma. Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with head and neck carcinosarcoma treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2010 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 11 males and 3 females, with age range from 30 to 72 years old. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatments and follow-up results of patients were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative survival rate. Results Histopathological examination showed the co-existence of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components in all cases. Immunohistochemical staining of 13 cases showed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigens were positively expressed in the epithelial areas, whereas vimentin was positive in the malignant mesenchymal tissue area. Among 14 cases, 5 cases were treated with surgery, 3 cases with surgery and radiotherapy, and 6 cases with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The follow-up time was 2-81 months, with a median follow-up time of 22.5 months. Except for one patient who was lost to follow-up in 21 months after treatment, among the remaining 13 patients, 4 patients had recurrence, 8 patients died, and 5 patients had a tumor-free survival. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 1, 3, and 5-year cumulative survival rates of 14 patients with head and neck carcinosarcoma were 64.3%, 57.1%, and 42.9%, respectively. Conclusions Carcinosarcoma of the head and neck is rare in clinic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations are important basis for diagnosis, and surgery is a preferred treatment. Carcinosarcoma of the head and neck has a poor prognosis, and patients should be followed up for a long time.Objective To evaluate the application of three-staged paramendian forehead flap technique in reconstruction of severe full-thickness nasal defect. Methods Clinical data of 7 cases with nasal reconstruction by three-staged forehead flap technique in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and HongKong University Shenzhen Hospital between June 2016 and October 2019 was retrospectively reviewed. All were males aged from 10 to 71 years. There were 4 cases of basal cell carcinoma of the external nose, 2 cases of traumatic nasal defects and 1 case of large rhinophyma. All the operations were performed with the paramedian forehead flap in three stages. In stage Ⅰ, full layered forehead flap was transposed to the nasal detect. Lining flaps were reconstructed with folded forehead skin (n=4), turn-over flap plus septal chondro mucosal pivotal flap (n=2), or bipedicled vestibular skin and nasal mucosa advancement flap (n=1). According to the reconstruction mode of the lining flaps, whether to implansal contour for reconstruction of large full thickness nasal defects.Objective To study the effects of superficial temporal artery and vein as recipient vessels for the free anterolateral thigh flap on the appearance and functions after maxillectomy. Methods Clinical data of 21 patients with malignant maxillary tumors in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2014 to November 2019, who were treated by free anterolateral thigh flap with temporal superficial vessels as the recipient vessels were analyzed retrospectively. There were 18 males and 3 females, with the age ranging from 29 to 73 years old, including 19 cases of squamous carcinoma, 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 1 case of osteosarcoma. Of those 7 patients underwent primary surgery, 14 patients received resurgery, and 6 patients had a history of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among 14 patients with resurgery, 13 had recurrent ipsilateral second site tumor and 1 had recurrent tumor, and all of them received the maxillectomy 87±0.76 respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the mean speech intelligibility scores between 1 and 6 months after surgery (F=78.456, P less then 0.05). Conclusion It is safe and reliable to use the superficial temporal vessels as recipient vessels for free anterolateral thigh flap in the reconstruction of defect after maxillectomy in malignant tumors, with good outcomes of functions and a satisfactory restoration of outward appearance.Objective To evaluate the complications of Da Vinci robotic thyroid surgery by bilateral axillo-breast approach. Methods A retrospective analysis of complications was conducted on 1, 198 cases of Da Vinci robotic thyroid surgery by bilateral axillo-breast approach of the 960 th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army from February 2014 to March 2020. There were 263 men and 935 women, age ranged from 9 to 68 years old, and included 288 benign lesions and 910 malignancies according to preoperative imaging examination, FNAC, and intraoperative frozen pathology. Results Surgical complications occurred in 187 (15.61%) patients, including 10 cases of temporary larynx nerve injury (0.83%), 1 case of permanent larynx nerve injury (0.08%), and 152 cases of temporary hypoparathyroidism (12.69%), no permanent hypoparathyroidism, 1 case of hypoglossal injury (0.08%), 2 cases of facial nerve jaw branch damage (0.17%), 2 cases of trachea injury (0.17%), no esophagus damage, 5 cases of celiac leakage (0.42%), 3 cases of neck skin adhesion (0.25%), 2 cases of subdermal bleeding (0.17%), 2 cases of skin burns (0.17%), 5 cases of hematoma (0.42%), 1 case of cephalic artery rupture (0.08%), 1 case of jugular vein rupture (0.08%), no tumor cultivation, no arm plex nerve, accessory nerve or phrenic nerve damage. Conclusion Da Vinci robot thyroid surgery by bilateral axillo-breast approach is safe, with less severe complications.Objective To discuss the complications and postoperative outcomes of tracheotomy with different etiology in children. Epigenetics inhibitor Methods One hundred and eighty-six patients underwent tracheotomy were retrospectively analyzed from January 2016 to December 2018,including 117 males and 69 females. The children aged from 4 days to 14 years (median age 31.5months). One case was operated under local anesthesia in emergency room, 2 cases were operated under local anesthesia in pediatric intensive care unit, the rest 183 cases were operated under general anesthesia in operation room. The 186 children were divided into four groups according to their direct causes of tracheotomy. Group A(90 cases) Neuromuscular disease and severe infection,Group B(26 cases) Head and neck tumor,Group C(57 cases) Congenital malformation and upper airway obstruction,Group D(13 cases) Accidental injury. The basic information, surgical complications and postoperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed. All patients were followed up by clinic or by telephone.
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