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Despite youth being the most common age group for onset of mental disorders, there is less knowledge on the benefits and harms of treatments in young people. In addition, efficacy data from randomized controlled trials may not generalize to how treatment works outside of research settings. This study aimed to investigate young people's perceived effectiveness of different treatments for mental health problems, the professionals who delivered these, and the experience of negative effects.

We developed a consumer report website where young people who were ever diagnosed with a mental disorder provided ratings on the helpfulness or harmfulness of different types of professionals, mental health treatments (medical, psychological complementary/alternative) and self-help strategies, and whether they had experienced particular negative effects.

Here, 557 young people aged 12-25 years, who were recruited from English-speaking, high-income countries, provided 1258 ratings of treatments. All treatments showed varied perceptions of effectiveness. Medical and psychological treatments were rated moderately helpful on average with low rates of harmfulness. Self-help strategies were rated as being as helpful as professional treatments. Side effects related to the head or mind (e.g., concentration difficulties, inability to feel emotions, depression and irritability) were the most common across all types of medicines. For psychological treatments, treatment being too expensive and feeling worse at the end of a session were the most commonly reported negative effects.

Study findings may be a useful guide to clinicians, researchers, young people and their families about what is likely to work in real-world settings.
Study findings may be a useful guide to clinicians, researchers, young people and their families about what is likely to work in real-world settings.Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect in adults. Although a BAV may remain without clinical consequences for a lifetime, it can deteriorate in aortic valve stenosis and regurgitation and aortic dilatation. Unfortunately, the impact of regular training on patients with BAV and its natural course is not fully understood, although preliminary evidence suggests that the progression of valvular disease occurs primarily in an independent manner from sports practice. The current review aims to report how to perform a comprehensive echocardiographic examination in athletes with BAV and analyze the current literature on the influence of sports practice and how it impacts the aortic valve in athletes with BAV. The article also summarizes the current recommendations on sports eligibility and disqualification for competitive athletes with BAV.
As in-person healthcare services become suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for digital technologies to augment early course psychosis care has risen. Although technology offers many benefits including increasing access to care, the advantages of such tools are restricted by their implementation into the program. The goal of this study is to better understand the current usage of technology, clinical needs, and digital literacy in Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) programs.

An online survey of CSC staff and clinicians assessed their attitudes, preparedness, and comfort with technology implementation into care.

In total, 42 programs from 30 states responded to the web-based survey. Of the six key roles of CSC, the role believed to be most capable for technology to augment was Family Education and Support by 90% (38/42) of participants. Eighty-two per cent (34/42) of clinicians and staff felt that they would benefit from and have interest in receiving digital skills training (41% [17/42] strongly agree, 41% [17/42] agreed). Evaluation of respondent sentiments towards technology revealed that 70 per cent (29/42) ("agree", or "strongly agree") believe that technology can integrate into care easily.

Survey responses show overall positive sentiments towards technology implementation in early psychosis care. Findings also reveal that the digital tool would be better sustained if CSC staff and clinicians received digital skills education. This survey demonstrates that technology can augment early psychosis care while improving quality of care and expanding access to care.
Survey responses show overall positive sentiments towards technology implementation in early psychosis care. Findings also reveal that the digital tool would be better sustained if CSC staff and clinicians received digital skills education. This survey demonstrates that technology can augment early psychosis care while improving quality of care and expanding access to care.Alteration of the circadian sleep-wake rhythm has been suggested in patients affected by idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Because actigraphy is the validated instrument to monitor the sleep-wake cycle, the aim of the present study was to investigate the circadian sleep-wake rhythm in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder compared with healthy aged controls. Fourteen-day actigraphic recording, a comprehensive sleep interview, and cognitive and behavioural domains were investigated in patients affected by idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, and compared with controls similar for age, sex and cognitive performances. Patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder showed reduced relative amplitude and alteration of both sleep and wake compared with controls. Patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder also showed subjective sleep and wake complaints, and higher scores at the Beck Depression Inventory, compared with controls. Selleckchem Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid Beck Depression Inventory scores correlated with sleep actigraphic parameters, such as sleep latency, sleep efficiency, time in bed, and relative amplitude. Therefore, the present study showed the dysregulation of the sleep-wake cycle in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement behaviour disorder. Moreover, depressive symptoms documented in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder correlated with the sleep-wake rhythm dysregulation.
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