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Smartphone-based visual palpation: towards elastography involving epidermis pertaining to telehealth programs.
A new computational framework for FLow cytometric Analysis of Rare Events (FLARE) has been developed specifically for fast and automatic identification of rare cell populations in very large samples generated by platforms like multi-parametric flow cytometry. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model and information-sharing via parallel computation, FLARE rapidly explores the high-dimensional marker-space to detect highly rare populations that are consistent across multiple samples. Further it can focus within specified regions of interest in marker-space to detect subpopulations with desired precision.Brain aggregates of β amyloid (βA) protein plaques have been widely recognized as associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, and their identification can assist in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. We investigate the feasibility of using a spectral x-ray coherent scatter system with a silicon strip photon-counting detector for identifying brain βA protein plaques. This approach is based on differences in the structure of amyloid, white and grey matter in the brain. We simulated an energy- and angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction system with an x-ray pencil beam and Silicon strip sensor, energy-resolving detectors. The polychromatic beam is geometrically focused toward a region of interest in the brain. First, the open-source MC-GPU code for Monte Carlo transport was modified to accommodate the detector model. Second, brain phantoms with and without βA were simulated to assess the method and determine the radiation dose required to obtain acceptable statistical power. For βA targets of 3, 4 and 5 mm sizes in a 15-cm brain model, the required incident exposure was about 0.44 mR from a 60 kVp tungsten spectrum and 3.5 mm of added aluminum filtration. The results suggest that the proposed x-ray coherent scatter technique enables the use of high energy x-ray spectra and therefore has the potential to be used for accurate in vivo detection and quantification of βA in the brain within acceptable radiation dose levels.BACKGROUND HIV counseling and testing are key to control and prevent the spread of the virus and improve the lives of people living with HIV. Although the risk of acquiring the virus is high, only 27% of young Ethiopian women age 15 to 24 years old were tested and counseled for HIV. This coverage is low to achieve the 90-90-90 goal. Identifying factors associated with low utilization of HIV testing and counseling services among young females (aged 15 to 24 years) is important to identify the barriers and improve uptake. Therefore, this analysis was done to identify factors associated with low utilization of HIV counseling and testing services among young Ethiopian women. METHODS The study used the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. The data was downloaded from The DHS program with permission. A total of 2661 young women (aged 15 to 24 years) were included in the final model. Data was weighted to consider disproportionate sampling and non-response. A Complex data management technique was applie significant predictors of HIV testing. Therefore, the Ethiopian government should encourage girls to complete secondary education to improve HIV testing and counseling. Young women should be encouraged to visit health facilities to improve HIV testing service uptake.Broiler chickens experience an acute-phase response (APR) through vaccination, which reflects the innate immunity and stress related to immunization. It is also considered that APR can modulate adaptive immunity and response to infection. As biomarkers for APR, assessing the acute-phase proteins (APPs) function and their levels in response to immunization is of great value for vaccine design, development and administration. In this study, the heterophils/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and the level of APPs was evaluated in broilers with three different Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination regimens. Inactivated ND vaccine (IND) was administered by the intramuscular route. Live attenuated strains, Lasota and Vitapest, was administered by ocular routes. H/L ratio, serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured before and after two rounds of vaccination on days 10 and 21. In a comparison between the three vaccines, H/L ratio in IND group significantly increased to 3 fold (1.48 ± 0.41) after the first vaccination while the Lasota and Vitapest showed a milder response. The concentration of SAA increased after 24h by 1.8-fold in IND group (0.116 ± 0.015 mg/L) and 2-fold in Lasota group (0.14 ± 0.002 mg/L). Significant changes were found in Vitapest group after 48h post vaccination (0.113 ± 0.016 mg/L). Elevation pattern of AGP, 24 hours after first vaccination in IND (3.5-fold) and Vitapest (2.5-fold) was different from Lasota in which the peak was reached after 48 hours (2.9-fold). Except for IND group, no significant changes in SAA and AGP concentrations were detected after the second vaccination. A significant positive correlation between SAA values at day 22 and HI titers at day 28 (r = 0.998, P≤0. 0.005) was found. According to these results, different types of ND vaccines can cause different patterns of acute phase responses. Assessment of stress and level of acute-phase proteins can be used for prediction of immune response outcomes in vaccine design and development.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0093645.].There are multiple common methods for collecting fossil material in the field for paleoecological analyses, so it is important to determine if and how different methods may affect the similarities and differences among taxonomic samples. Here, we evaluate the influence of two fossil collection field methods (stratigraphically in-place bulk-sediment versus picking up weathered-out fossils from the ground surface) on paleoecological results, using the Pennsylvanian marine invertebrate assemblages of the Finis Shale in Texas. Based on an informal review of recent paleoecology papers, we observed that the lithology of the study material and the nature of the research question correspond to choice of field collection protocols; however, collection protocols are not always clearly explained or justified in the text of the papers. For the present case study, we collected stratigraphically equivalent samples from three outcrops using both the surface pick-up and in-place bulk sediment methods. selleck chemical We found a difference in the abundance and composition of paleocommunities between these two collection methods.
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