Notes

May Person Auditory-Perceptual Words Tests Foresee Health-related Urgency involving Tone of voice Issues?
The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with h delayed initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among animal bite victims.

This cross-sectional study assessed biting patterns among 3032 cases that were referred to Tabriz Rabies Center. The delay was described as the initiation of PEP more than 48 hours (h) after possible exposure to the rabies virus. Determinants of delay in initiating PEP were recognized by a decision tree model.

Totally, 8.5% of the victims who were bitten by an animal had a delay of more than 48 h in the initiation of PEP. The relative frequency of a delay more than 48 h in females was higher than in males (12.9% compared to 8.5%) (p-value= 0.004). Relative frequency of a delay of more of 48 h from carnivorous (dog, jackal, fox) was significantly less than others (p-value< 0.001). Of the decision tree, the overall classification accuracy was 89.5%, with 44.1% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity. The identified variables included gender, biting place (rural, urban), and type of animal.

according to the results of the present study, among the various variables that affect the delayed initiation of PEP, rural residents and being female, in particular, were the major factors associated with a delay in the initiation of PEP for rabies prevention. We found relatively low rates of vaccine completion. Our findings indicat that providing training and patient education are required to ensure the completion of appropriate treatment.
according to the results of the present study, among the various variables that affect the delayed initiation of PEP, rural residents and being female, in particular, were the major factors associated with a delay in the initiation of PEP for rabies prevention. We found relatively low rates of vaccine completion. Our findings indicat that providing training and patient education are required to ensure the completion of appropriate treatment.
Pedestrians are road users vulnerable to traffic injuries and fatalities. This study aimed to develop and validate a pedestrian behavior questionnaire to be used in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the initial questionnaire was designed based on the evaluation of previous studies conducted world-wide or in Iran. The initial pack included 127 items. After the assuring the face validity of the questionnaire, 27 experts' opinions in the field of traffic was obtained for assessing/ improving the content validity. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, the test-retest method and internal consistency assessment were used. To evaluate the structural validity, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the principal component and the Varimax rotation was applied.

After completing the face validity and after summarizing the experts' suggestions, 12 questions were deleted. By calculating the content validity ratio and coefficient, 20 and 17 were removed. 3PO mouse Also, the average content validity coefficient to modify high-risk behaviors and enhance safe pedestrian behaviors.
To compare the differences in the clinical course of acute appendicitis between early elderly (60-79 years) and late elderly patients (≥80 years).

The sample consisted of 177 patients aged over 60 that underwent surgery at the emergency service with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 2010 and May 2018. Patients' data were retrospectively obtained from electronic records. Patients that had undergone appendectomy or negative appendectomy or had an appendix tumor were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups by age; early elderly (60-79 years) and late elderly (≥80 years).

Of the 177 patients included in the study, 162(91%) were 60-79 years old and 15 (9%) were over 80. A statistically significant difference was found between the early and late elderly groups in terms of perforation, requirement for intensive care (p=0.001), red cell distribution width (p=0.025), the Clavien-Dindo classification (p=0.020), and the Charlson comorbidity index (p=0.005). The mean hospital stay was four and 11 days for early and late elderly groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age alone was an independent factor with a statistically significant effect on mortality (OR=Odds Ratio 53, 95% CI 16.91-166.08; (p<0.001)).

In particular, in the elderly patients over 80 years old, the clinical manifestation of acute appendicitis at hospital admission is in the form of perforation. Therefore, in this age group, a careful, precise and prompt diagnosis is crucial.
In particular, in the elderly patients over 80 years old, the clinical manifestation of acute appendicitis at hospital admission is in the form of perforation. Therefore, in this age group, a careful, precise and prompt diagnosis is crucial.
The present study aimed at codifying a native model of civil-military coordination (CIMIC) in natural disasters in Iran.

This manuscript is a part of a larger study. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using a two-stage Delphi technique. The factors confirmed by the technique were prioritized via a pairwise questionnaire. In doing so, 24 elites and experts in civil-military coordination were presented with the indicators in the course of classic Delphi technique and pairwise comparison. At the end, the nationalized model was finalized by sending the model to ten experts and asking their ideas.

The results obtained from the two rounds of Delphi indicated that 36 coordination factors could be classified into three primary classes of staff, stuff, and system. All factors were confirmed by the experts. Considering the weight of each class, "staff" and "stuff" classes were considered to be the highest and lowest priorities, respectively.

Application of the coordination factors in the context of military and civil organizations leads to a better response to natural disasters. The organizations in charge of responding to disasters should be obliged to apply this model in the highest organizational commitment level as the final goals of disaster management. The results of the present study can be applied for codification of a comprehensive plan for assessing the civil-military coordination in natural disasters.
Application of the coordination factors in the context of military and civil organizations leads to a better response to natural disasters. The organizations in charge of responding to disasters should be obliged to apply this model in the highest organizational commitment level as the final goals of disaster management. The results of the present study can be applied for codification of a comprehensive plan for assessing the civil-military coordination in natural disasters.
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