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Pancreatic pathophysiology in cystic fibrosis.
An individual's level of interpersonal dependency influences the way they engage with others, and researchers have achieved a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between dependency and interpersonal relationships across an array of social situations. This knowledge has improved the efficacy of medical and psychotherapeutic work with dependent clients and has informed approaches taken to reduce the societal costs of dependent personality disorder (e.g., increased risk for suicide and self-harm, perpetration of child abuse, perpetration of domestic violence, victimization by a partner, and physical illness). Relatively little research, however, has explored dependency's links to sexual activity and sexual functioning, the findings of which stand to offer knowledge valuable to sex counseling, couples therapy, sexual health, and our overall understanding of sexuality. The current study utilized a multimethod research design to explore dependency as it relates to sexual and romantic relationships and sexual activity. Multiple associations emerged between dependency, both interpersonal dependency and a healthy variant of dependency, and sexual activity. Based upon these findings and contemporary literature, an initial discussion of some of the therapeutic implications of this knowledge and suggestions for working with dependent clients are offered.The purpose of this study was to clarify the inter-measurement variation of the masticatory performance test. Forty healthy adults were divided into group A (10 males and 10 females), who did not chew the test food before experiment, and group B (10 males and 10 females) who chewed the test food before the experiment. Subjects were asked to chew a gummy jelly for 20 s on the habitual chewing side, and the amount of glucose extraction was measured. The test was repeated three times with an interval of 1 min in both groups (Group A A1, A2, A3; Group B B1, B2, B3). In both groups A and B, the difference between the measured values was compared and the reliability between measurements was investigated. In group A, the value of A1 was small, and a statistically significant difference was observed between A1 and other measured values. In group B, the three measured values were similar and no significant difference was observed among the measured values. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for determining inter-measurement reliability in group A were 0.758 for A1-A2-A3, 0.708 for A1-A2, and 0.901 for A2-A3. The ICCs in group B were 0.924 for B1-B2-B3, 0.945 for B1-B2, and 0.926 for B2-B3. Based on these results, it can be suggested that high reliability between the measurements can be obtained if the subjects are accustomed to chewing the test food before the experiment, and that the measured values were similar whether it was performed two or three times. Consequently, one measurement was sufficient if subjects were accustomed to chewing the test food before the experiment.
Liquid protein-based biopharmaceutical formulations have been reported to form aggregation and protein sub-visible particles (SbVPs) during dropping (Randolph et al., J Pharm Sci 2015, 104, 602). However, effects of secondary package on liquid biopharmaceutical formulation stability during dropping are overlooked and have not been reported so far. This study reports the first real-world evaluation on effects of secondary package on liquid biopharmaceutical formulation stability during dropping, using two monoclonal antibodies (mAb-1 and mAb-2) and one fusion protein (FP-1) as model biopharmaceuticals.

The potential protective effects of secondary package and formulation composition on liquid biopharmaceutical formulations during dropping were evaluated with micro-flow imaging (MFI) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

The dropping-induced degradation could be detected with the two sensitive particle analyzing techniques MFI and DLS. Formulation compositions have dramatic impact on biopharmaceutical stability during dropping. Surprisingly, unlike the primary packages that have been reported to impact liquid biopharmaceutical stability, the secondary packaging system as described in our current preliminary design has little or no protective effect during dropping.

Our study is the first real-world data showing that the secondary package system has little to no effect on the liquid biopharmaceutical formulation quality during dropping. On the contrary, the stability of liquid biopharmaceutical formulations during dropping is more relevant to formulation compositions and primary packages.
Our study is the first real-world data showing that the secondary package system has little to no effect on the liquid biopharmaceutical formulation quality during dropping. On the contrary, the stability of liquid biopharmaceutical formulations during dropping is more relevant to formulation compositions and primary packages.In the present study, two new SLC34 family members, named slc34a1b and slc34a2a, were isolated and characterized from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Topology, tissue distribution, and transcriptional response to phosphorus (Pi) and pH were compared among three members of SLC34 family (slc34a1b, slc34a2a, and slc34a2b) in grass carp. The length of validated cDNAs of grass carp slc34a1b and slc34a2a was 1494 bp and 1902 bp, and these two cDNAs encoded 497 and 633 amino acid residues, respectively. The domain analysis showed that three SLC34 members of grass carp contain architecture similar to that in mammals. Moreover, the mRNA of three slc34s was widely expressed in nine tissues (heart, brain, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, gill, spleen, and skin), but at various levels. Our results revealed that 6 mM and 9 mM Pi incubation significantly reduced the mRNA expression of three slc34s in both CIK and L8824 cell lines from grass carp. The expression of slc34a1b was decreased in the CIK cells, but not in the L8824 cells after 3 mM Pi incubation. In CIK cells, 3 mM Pi incubation downregulated the expression of slc34a1b and slc34a2a, but not slc34a2b. In addition, the expression of three slc34s was significantly reduced at acidic pH in the CIK cells. Taken together, we characterized three SLC34 family members, revealed their specific distribution among different tissues, and elucidated their transcriptional responses to Pi and pH in two cell lines from grass carp. XL092 datasheet Our findings provide an insight into the physiological function of three SLC34s in fish.
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