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Type 1 diabetes along with subcutaneous the hormone insulin resistance syndrome addressed with pancreas transplantation.
We show theoretically that spin and orbital degrees of freedom in the pyrochlore oxide Y_2Mo_2O_7, which is free of quenched disorder, can exhibit a simultaneous glass transition, working as dynamical disorder for each other. The interplay of spins and orbitals is mediated by the Jahn-Teller lattice distortion that selects the choice of orbitals, which then generates variant spin exchange interactions ranging from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic ones. Our Monte Carlo simulations detect the power-law divergence of the relaxation times and the negative divergence of both the magnetic and dielectric nonlinear susceptibilities, resolving the long-standing puzzle on the origin of the disorder-free spin glass.Acceleration of particles from the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses up to 5×10^21  W cm^-2 with thin foils is investigated experimentally. The electron beam parameters varied with decreasing spot size, not just laser intensity, resulting in reduced temperatures and divergence. In particular, the temperature saturated due to insufficient acceleration length in the tightly focused spot. These dependencies affected the sheath-accelerated protons, which showed poorer spot-size scaling than widely used scaling laws. It is therefore shown that maximizing laser intensity by using very small foci has reducing returns for some applications.Excitons, as bound electron-hole paired quasiparticle, play an essential role in the energy transport in the optical-electric properties of semiconductors. Their momentum-energy dispersion relation is a fundamental physical property of great significance to understand exciton dynamics. However, this dispersion is seldom explored especially in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides with rich valleytronic properties. In this work, momentum resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy was used to measure the dispersions of excitons in freestanding monolayer WSe_2. Besides the parabolically dispersed valley excitons, a subgap dispersive exciton was observed at nonzero momenta for the first time, which can be introduced by the prolific Se vacancies. Our work provides a paradigm to directly probe exciton dispersions in 2D semiconductors and could be generalized to many low-dimensional systems.Antiferromagnet Mn_3P with Neel temperature T_N=30  K is composed of Mn tetrahedrons and zigzag chains formed by three inequivalent Mn sites. Due to the nearly frustrated lattice with many short Mn-Mn bonds, competition of the exchange interactions is expected. We here investigate the magnetic structure and physical properties including pressure effect in single crystals of this material, and reveal a complex yet well-ordered helimagnetic structure. The itinerant character of this materials is strong, and the ordered state with small magnetic moments is easily suppressed under pressure, exhibiting a quantum critical point at ∼1.6  GPa. The remarkable mass renormalization, even in the ordered state, and an incoherent-coherent crossover in the low-temperature region, characterize an unusual electronic state in Mn_3P, which is most likely effected by the underlying frustration effect.A novel and efficient access to polyfunctionnalized chiral 1-tetralols, bearing two contiguous quaternary carbon stereocenters, has been developed from various and easily accessible alkynyl-1,3-diketones, through a cascade process including a regioselective alkyne insertion, a 1,4-Rh shift, and a nucleophilic addition step via the desymmetrization of the 1,3-diketone moiety thanks to an appropriate rhodium-chiral diene complex in the presence of arylboronic acids.(±)-Dispirocochlearoids A-C (1-3), meroterpenoids with a 6/6/5/6/6/6 ring system, were isolated from Ganoderma cochlear. 1-3 are selective COX-2 inhibitors with an IC50 value of (-)-2 at 386 nM. selleck kinase inhibitor Site-directed mutagenesis identified His351 as a COX-2 active site. In vivo anti-inflammatory activities of (-)-2 were performed against acute lung injury in mice.The co-occurrence of contaminants in drinking water may pose enhanced risks to health beyond the effects of single contaminants. Here, we investigated the co-occurrence of four health-relevant redox-sensitive elements (U, As, V, and Cr) in 1494 groundwater wells across North Carolina. The highest concentrations of these elements were measured mostly in groundwater from fractured igneous and metamorphic formations throughout the Piedmont region. Arsenic occurred most frequently in suboxic to mixed redox character groundwater, whereas U, V, and Cr occurred mostly in oxic groundwater. Occurrences of As, and to a lesser extent U, increased with pH, likely reflecting desorption, while higher Cr and V levels were measured in near-neutral pH and oxic groundwater, reflecting greater sensitivity to redox conditions. Due to similar geochemistry, V and Cr co-occurred most frequently. Concentrations of V and Cr(VI) co-exceeded health recommendations from the NC Department of Health and Human Services in up to 84% of wells from the King's Mountain Belt and the Charlotte and Milton Belts of the Piedmont region. This study highlights the large gap between health recommendations and enforceable regulations and demonstrates a degree of co-occurrence between redox-sensitive elements, which may pose additional risks to groundwater-reliant individuals.The recurrence of malignant tumors is mostly caused by incompleted surgical resection. Especially, it is difficult for surgeons to detect and accurately remove metastatic tumors by predominantly using visual examination and palpation owing to the lack of effective means to specifically distinguish the boundary range between normal and tumor tissues. Thus, the development of activated fluorescent probe with superior tumor-to-normal (T/N) tissue ratios is particularly urgent in clinics. In view of CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN) regarded as a cancer-specific biomarker, mediating with progression, invasion, and migration of malignant tumor, herein, we reported an APN-responsive fluorescent probe YH-APN and demonstrated its application to distinguish cancer cells. Through in situ spraying manner, fluorescent superior tumor-to-normal (T/N) tissue ratios (subcutaneous transplantation tumor, 13.86; hepatic metastasis, 4.42 and 6.25; splenic metastasis, 4.99) were achieved. More importantly, we have demonstrated the ability to image metastasis tumor tissue less than 1 mm in diameter, highlighting the potential for this probe to be used as a tool in surgical resection.
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