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By using armrests for support, MWYA avoids the potential of MSDs as can be caused by these previously endorsed postures. CONCLUSION By applying the five MWYA principles, computer users comprehend neutral posture and put forth the effort essential to creating healthy human computer relationships.BACKGROUND Exposure to brain injury via blast or blunt mechanisms disrupts multiple sensorimotor systems simultaneously. Large numbers of US Gulf War era and Operation Iraqi/Enduring Freedom veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are suffering the symptom of dizziness - presumed due to "Multi-Sensory Impairment", a clinical pattern of damage to the auditory, visual and vestibular sensorimotor systems. OBJECTIVE To describe the oculomotor response to rapid head rotation in a population of veterans with dizziness. We also describe the reliability of using the video head impulse test (vHIT) in a veteran population. METHODS We used the vHIT to evaluate the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and presence of compensatory saccades (CS) in each semicircular canal of 81 veterans (31% TBI) with dizziness. Data was collected using the GN Otometric™ vHIT. Data was processed using both the Otometric™ software and custom software written in MATLAB™. This data was evaluated through Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test and analysis of regression. RESULTS Veterans with dizziness recruit CS in all semicircular canal planes even though their VOR gain is normal. The vHIT is a reliable clinical test to quantify the metrics of the VOR and CS in veterans. CONCLUSION Veterans with dizziness symptoms use compensatory saccades in all planes of semicircular canal rotation, despite having normal peripheral VOR gain during rapid head rotation. The video head impulse test is a stable measure of vestibular slow phase and metrics of compensatory saccades in veterans with dizziness.BACKGROUND Evidence to support potential links between chronic otitis media (COM) and vestibular impairment/postural balance control issues is lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether COM associates with vestibular symptoms, balance problems, and abnormalities in vestibular function tests. METHODS We selected patients with COM and excluded patients with any identifiable underlying causes for vestibular dysfunction. Fifty-two healthy volunteers were included as controls. All subjects underwent anamnesis, physical examination, posturography, and video-head impulse tests. RESULTS We found a high prevalence of vestibular symptoms (58.4%) among patients with COM, while only 2% of the controls had vestibular symptoms. There was a positive correlation between COM activity with the presence of tinnitus and vestibular symptoms (P  less then  0.05). Clinical vestibular tests were abnormal in 63% of patients with COM, and those positively associated with presence of vestibular symptoms. Posturography results shown worse postural balance control in patients with COM as compared with controls, especially in the limit of stability (LOS) (Mean LOS, COM = 157.56 cm2; controls = 228.98 cm2; p  less then  0.001), and in the test with eyes closed while standing on a foam mattress (sway area, COM = 10.91 cm2; controls = 5.90 cm2; p  less then  0.001). We did not observe differences in the average vestibuloocular reflex gains in the video-head impulse test between our COM and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that COM associates with a high prevalence of vestibular symptoms, worse postural control, and more severe hearing loss as compared with controls. Among patients with COM, the activity of the middle-ear inflammation seemed to positively associate with more severe hearing and balance problems.BACKGROUND The impact of vestibular loss (VL) on cognition has been previously studied in experimental animal, human and adult patient studies showing links between VL, and cognitive impairments in space orientation, working memory, mental rotation and selective attention. However, few studies have been conducted on children with VL. OBJECTIVE We investigated for the first time, the impact of a VL on children's cognition. METHODS 13 children with VL (10 years, 5 months) and 60 average-age matched controls performed a neuropsychological assessment consisting of visuospatial working memory, selective visual attention, mental rotation and space orientation tasks. RESULTS Children with VL recalled smaller sequences for both forward and backward memory subtasks (mean±SD = 6.3±1.9 and 5.3±2.6) than controls (8.2±2.3 and 7.3±2.0), have less accurate mental rotation scores (25.4±6 versus 30.8±5.1) and greater additional distance travelled in the maze task (96.4±66.6 versus 60.4±66.3); all corrected p-values less then 0.05. Selective visual attention measures do not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Children with VL show similar cognitive difficulties that adults with VL, in tasks involving dynamic cognitive processes (higher attentional load) that in tasks requiring static cognitive processes such as visual attention task.BACKGROUND Today, there exists a need for a practical counseling approach for patients with brain disorders based on an empirical measure that can be used to objectify procedural adequacy. Clinical neuropsychology, which focuses on developing knowledge about human brain-behavioral relationships and applying this information to clinical problems, is the ideal discipline to address this issue. Unlike other methods of appraisal and current counseling approaches, medical adjustment counseling (MAC) for patients with cognitive and behavioral changes due to brain disorders is based on the application of neuropsychological principles and evidence-based practices. OBJECTIVE In this review, I discuss the neuropsychological principles underlying MAC, differentiation from conventional clinical psychology systems, and the specifics of the treatment stages. Transtheoretical analytic points of inclusion and a clinical case example are also discussed. METHODOLOGY MAC involves an interactive exchange between the neuropsychologist and patient based on the neuropsychological examination (NPE). The resulting neuropsychological profile facilitates the conversion of empirical objective evidence into practical biopsychosocial adaptive strategies that can be modified according to each patient's diagnosis and level of impairment. Nab-Paclitaxel nmr MAC is delivered in four stages (validation, education, accommodation, and reintegration) that require an understanding of the ecological applicability of the NPE to the real-life situation of the patient, a knowledge base of the neurobehavioral consequences of the medical diagnosis, integration of medical disciplines regarding additional diagnostics, psychological crisis systems and patient/family reactions. CONCLUSION Without the objective neuropsychological evidence provided by the NPE and MAC, the clinical judgment of the psychologist is based on something more akin to witchcraft and magic than science.
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