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HIV-positive women with no recent experiences of discrimination were 11 times more likely than those with reports of recent discrimination to obtain STI tests. Conclusions It is often women who are the gatekeepers for health seeking in families and the same may be for these couples. Experiences of discrimination may impede STI testing, and heighten several health risks, particularly among HIV-positive African American women in HIV-serodiscordant relationships. Addressing the impact of discrimination experiences may be important for STI prevention and treatment efforts in interventions promoting health care utilization. Copyright © 2020, Ethnicity & Disease, Inc.Objective This study investigated whether HIV testing attitudes, HIV conspiracy beliefs, and reported sexual partner disclosure of HIV/STI status related to one-month self-report HIV testing outcomes following a brief intervention among Black women aged 18-25 years residing in rural Mississippi. Participants Black women (N=119; M age=19.90, SD=1.81) recruited in rural Mississippi completed an online assessment before a brief HIV prevention intervention and a one month follow-up assessment during January to November 2016. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported HIV testing 30-days following the intervention, partner HIV/STI status disclosure, beliefs in HIV conspiracy theory, and HIV testing attitudes in pre- and post-intervention assessments. Bivariate and multivariate analyses tested associations with HIV testing behaviors following the intervention. Results Moderated moderation was used to examine whether HIV conspiracy beliefs and partner disclosure status both moderated the relationship between pre-intervention attitudes toward HIV testing and HIV testing at 1-month follow-up. It was found that both HIV conspiracy beliefs and partner disclosure moderated the relationship between attitudes and HIV testing at one-month follow-up. When partner disclosure was low, women with more negative attitudes toward testing and higher conspiracy beliefs were less likely to get tested than those with negative attitudes and lower conspiracy beliefs; conspiracy beliefs did not relate to testing outcomes when testing attitudes were positive. Conclusion Findings suggest that interventions may benefit from accounting for conspiracy beliefs and the dyadic status disclosure when encouraging young rural women to test for HIV. Copyright © 2020, Ethnicity & Disease, Inc.Every cell has a genetic sex that is determined at the time of fertilization. However, the natal sex of cells may not match the hormonal environment in which they reside in transgender individuals. This discordance provides a unique opportunity to study the short- and long-term effects across a range of cellular functions, health conditions, physiologic processes and psychosocial outcomes to the benefit of transgender and cisgender communities. While there is a growing body of knowledge as the literature on sex differences in virtually every organ system accumulates, there remains a paucity of data on the effect of cross hormonal therapy on cellular function in transgender individuals. Beyond cellular function, the effect of cross hormonal therapy on neuroanatomy, the interpretation of neuropsychological assessments or even the effect of daily stressors of stigma and discrimination on long-term neurocognitive function remain unclear. In 2011 the Institute of Medicine indicated that transgender adults were an ities, are essential to advance this much overdue scientific agenda. Transgender, cisgender and the biomedical research communities will all benefit from a more inclusive and expansive research agenda. Copyright © 2020, Ethnicity & Disease, Inc.One variable may influence another as cause and effect. However, in situations in which a cause-effect relationship is scientifically plausible, reverse causation may also be possible. As an example, physical inactivity may predispose to dementia through cardiometabolic and other mechanisms. However, physical inactivity may also be a result of an ongoing dementia prodrome in which patients are physically slowed down during the years preceding the dementia diagnosis. This article examines reverse causation and how it was studied in a recent individual participant data meta-analysis of physical inactivity as a risk factor for dementia. This article also shows that other interpretations are possible when a finding suggests reverse causation. Copyright © 2020 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch.Grief is one's reaction to any loss, and the coping mechanisms during grief either deplete or become maladaptive. One of the common ways to cope with grief is alcohol or substance intake. The course and resolution of grief vary depending upon many factors. Hypnotherapy has been useful and effective in addressing grief reactions as well as associated manifestation, such as sleep problems, depressive features, or post-traumatic stress disorder. It might be a good choice of treatment while dealing with patients having underlying issues or maladaptive coping mechanisms. This is a single case study design hypothesized to indicate maladaptive coping of increased alcohol consumption to deal with the death of a young son. The case had been treated as alcohol dependent syndrome with multiple hospitalizations without addressing underlying grief. The treatment approach was changed, and grief was addressed using hypnotherapy. Clinical hypnotherapy helped address grief and facilitated the index case to accept the loss. This resulted in minimizing hospitalizations, abstinence and improved day-to-day functioning along with the use of adaptive mechanisms to cope with the loss. Clinical hypnotherapy is an effective intervention to deal with underlying conflicts or issues that may not be addressed directly in a therapy setting. click here Copyright © 2020 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch.Background Yuva Spandana (YS) is a youth mental health promotion program implemented across all 30 districts of Karnataka. Yuva Parivarthakas (YPs - youth change agents) are trained to provide mental health promotion services to any "youth with issues" through Yuva Spandana Kendras (guidance centers) situated within district stadiums across Karnataka. Aim of the study was to evaluate the change (comparing before and after training) in different learning domains (cognitive - knowledge, affective - attitude, and psychomotor - practice) among trainees (YPs) attending YS training. Methods Quasiexperimental study design was utilized for this study. A semistructured interview schedule was developed and used before and after the training. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The difference in change of mean score was assessed using the paired t-test. The shift in the proportion of trainees post-training in the three domains was assessed using McNemar's test. Results The mean (±SD) age of trainees was 27.5 ± 3.
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