Notes

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The mean follow-up was 5 years. The association between OSA + DM showed an independent risk of incident CV mortality (HR 2.37, CI 1.16-4.82, p = 0.02) and an increased prevalence of coronary heart disease (OR 3.44, CI 1.73-5.59, p < 0.01). In addition, T90% was also associated with CV mortality.

The coexistence of OSA + DM was associated with an independent risk of CV mortality. In addition, T90% was also associated with CV mortality.
The coexistence of OSA + DM was associated with an independent risk of CV mortality. In addition, T90% was also associated with CV mortality.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a significantly increased risk of motor vehicle accidents in addition to such cognitive impairments as attention and memory deficits. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of upper airway surgery for OSA on driving and cognitive function.

Adult patients who underwent surgery for OSA at a tertiary medical center in 2016-2019 were prospectively recruited. Patients were assessed before and 3-6 months after surgery with a self-report and neurocognitive battery and a driving simulation platform.

The cohort included 32 patients of average age 46.9± 11.6 years. During the 3 years before treatment, 9 patients had been involved in road accidents and 18 were detained by police for traffic violations. After surgery, there was a significant decrease in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (13.7 vs. 8.1, p 0.043) and a significant reduction in time to completion of the Color Trail Test (part 1 21.4 vs 18.7 s, p = 0.049; part 2 46.8 vs 40.5 s, p = 0.038). Improvements in divided attention and selective attention response times were noted on the advanced stages of the Useful Field of Vision Scale (p = 0.013, p = 0.054). Before surgery, patients showed a high tendency to drive over the speed limit and to cross the dividing line to the opposite lane on the simulation test. Nevertheless, all considered themselves good drivers. These tendencies decreased after treatment.

Surgery for OSA can significantly improve driving performance and cognitive function.
Surgery for OSA can significantly improve driving performance and cognitive function.
Autophagy, the self-renewal process of cells, is dependent on lysosomes to degrade damaged organelles and proteins. The increased or damaged level of autophagy is proven to relate to a number of disorders, including metabolic disorders, malignant tumors, pulmonary diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to examine the effects ofautophagy on the pathogenic mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) in order to guide relevant disease treatment.

We conducted a search of the literature using the electronic database, focusing on articles that explored the association between OSA and autophagy.

OSA can induced autophagy through hypoxia, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endothelial dysfunction, miRNA, etc. Cordycepin purchase We propose that the mechanism of the autophagy in patients with OSA should be eclucidated in further studies.
OSA can induced autophagy through hypoxia, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endothelial dysfunction, miRNA, etc. We propose that the mechanism of the autophagy in patients with OSA should be eclucidated in further studies.
This study estimated thresholds for clinically important responses and minimally important differences for two indicators of improvement for the 10-item version of the functional outcomes of sleep questionnaire (FOSQ-10).

Participants with excessive daytime sleepiness with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea received 12weeks of solriamfetol treatment. Participants completed the FOSQ-10 and other patient-reported outcome measures, including the single-item patient global impression of change (PGI-C) assessment. Clinicians completed the single-item clinician global impression of change (CGI-C) for each participant. Data from the two studies were analyzed separately, both without regard to treatment assignment. In total, 690 participants (47% female, mean age 48years, 77% Caucasian, 91% from North America) were enrolled. Two clinically important changes, defined as a minimally important difference and a clinically important response, were determined using distribution and anchor-based analyses. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal FOSQ-10 change threshold.

Spearman correlations between change in FOSQ-10 scores and PGI-C and CGI-C were - 0.57 and - 0.49 for participants with narcolepsy and - 0.42 and - 0.37 for participants with obstructive sleep apnea. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested minimally important difference and clinically important response estimates of 1.7 and 2.5 and 1.8 and 2.2 points in narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea, respectively.

Minimally important difference and clinically important response estimates for the FOSQ-10 for adults with excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea will be helpful for interpreting changes over time and defining a clinical responder. CLINICALTRIALS.

NCT02348593 (first submitted January 15, 2015) and NCT02348606 (first submitted January 15, 2015).
NCT02348593 (first submitted January 15, 2015) and NCT02348606 (first submitted January 15, 2015).
To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (SB) in preschoolers and associated factors.

A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out with 862 dyads of parents/preschoolers aged 5 from Teresina, Brazil. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire answered by parents/guardians about socioeconomic, demographic, and health condition data. Each child was examined for diagnosis of probable SB based on the presence of dental wear associated or not with the report of teeth grinding by parents/guardians. The analysis of independent variables was stratified into four levels of determinants demographic characteristics of the child (distal), characteristics of the family, environmental factors (intermediate), and health conditions (proximal). Descriptive analysis and bivariate and multivariate Poisson's regression were performed using a hierarchical approach (p < 0.05).

The prevalence of probable SB was 36%. In the final adjusted multivariate hierarchical model, apreschooler who was the only child (PR = 1.
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