Notes

Advancement and Specialized medical Validity of the Gentle Vascular Cognitive Disability Evaluation Device regarding Malay Cerebrovascular event Individuals.
554, 95% CI 2.06-14.97) and experiencing physical violence (OR = 3.128, 95% CI 1.53-6.38) than the non-FGID group.

This study showed that FGID patients were more likely to have symptoms of depression, severe anxiety, and childhood trauma, which were the risk factors of FGID.
This study showed that FGID patients were more likely to have symptoms of depression, severe anxiety, and childhood trauma, which were the risk factors of FGID.
This study used network analyses to examine network structures reflecting interactions between specific domains of social functioning in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD).

We used the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) to assess six domains of social functioning ('cognition', 'mobility', 'self-care', 'getting along', 'life activities', and 'participation') in 143 patients with SZ, 81 patients with BD, and 106 healthy subjects. We constructed regularized partial correlation networks, estimated network centrality and edge strength, tested network stability, and compared SZ and BD network structures.

Patients with SZ showed a significantly higher level of functional disability than patients with BD. In the networks we constructed, 'cognition' was the most central domain of social functioning in both SZ and BD. The 'cognition' domain was primarily associated with the 'getting along' domain in the SZ network and the 'life activities' domain in the BD network. We found no significant group-level differences in network structures for SZ vs. BD.

Our results suggest that cognition may play a pivotal role in social functioning in both SZ and BD. In addition, domains of social functioning in SZ and BD have similar network structures despite the higher level of disability in SZ compared to BD.
Our results suggest that cognition may play a pivotal role in social functioning in both SZ and BD. In addition, domains of social functioning in SZ and BD have similar network structures despite the higher level of disability in SZ compared to BD.
The relationship of antipsychotics and the risk of refracture in treated patients is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between prolonged antipsychotic and the incidences of bone fractures and refractures in schizophrenia.

This is a retrospective nested case-control study using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database recorded from 2000 to 2005, with cases followed up to end of 2011. Total of 7,842 schizophrenic patients, 3,955 had developed bone fractures were compared with 3,887 control subjects matched in age, sex, and index date. Antipsychotic drug exposure was classified based on the drug type and medication duration. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

We found (after adjustments) higher risks of developing fractures under continued use of typical (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.91) or atypical antipsychotics (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.28-1.60) were found. Additionally, continued use typical (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.35-2.50) or atypical antipsychotics (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06-1.95) was positively associated with refracture risks. Moreover, refractures were associated with continuous use of chlorpromazine (one typical antipsychotics, OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.14-5.25), and risperidone (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.01-2.16) or zotepine (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.06-4.36) (two atypical antipsychotics).

Higher risks of bone fracture and refracture were found in schizophrenia under prolonged medication with typical or atypical antipsychotics. We therefore recommend that clinicians should pay more attention on bone density monitoring for patients using long-term antipsychotics.
Higher risks of bone fracture and refracture were found in schizophrenia under prolonged medication with typical or atypical antipsychotics. We therefore recommend that clinicians should pay more attention on bone density monitoring for patients using long-term antipsychotics.
Habitual snoring is a common problem in children. We evaluated the association between a high risk for sleep-disordered breathing and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms.

Parents of 13,560 children aged 6 to 12 years responded to questionnaires including items on habitual snoring and the Korean attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder rating scale. The snoring score comprised the number of "yes" responses to habitual-snoring items, and a high risk for sleep-disordered breathing was defined as a snoring score ≥ 2.

The odds ratio (OR) of a high risk for sleep-disordered breathing was significantly higher in boys (OR = 1.47;
< 0.001), overweight children (OR = 2.20;
< 0.001), and children with current secondhand-smoking exposure (OR = 1.38;
< 0.001). The Korean attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder rating scale score increased significantly with the snoring score (0 vs. 1, B = 1.56,
< 0.001; 0 vs. 2, B = 2.44,
< 0.001; 0 vs. 3, B = 2.48,
< 0.001; 0 vs. 4, B = 3.95;
< 0.001).

Our study confirms several risk factors of sleep-disordered breathing, namely male sex, overweight, and exposure to tobacco smoking, and found a positive association between habitual snoring and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms.
Our study confirms several risk factors of sleep-disordered breathing, namely male sex, overweight, and exposure to tobacco smoking, and found a positive association between habitual snoring and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms.
In general, adults with congenital heart disease have reduced exercise capacity and many do not reach the recommended level of physical activity. A physically active lifestyle is essential to maintain health and to counteract acquired cardiovascular disease, therefore enablers and barriers for being physically active are important to identify.

To describe what adults with complex congenital heart diseases consider as physical activity, and what they experience as enablers and barriers for being physically active.

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews in which 14 adults with complex congenital heart disease (seven women) participated. Caerulein supplier The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

The analysis revealed four categories considered enablers and barriers - encouragement, energy level, approach and environment. The following is exemplified by the category encouragement as an enabler if one had experienced support and encouragement to be physically active as a child, they were more positive to be physically active as an adult.
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