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Our goal is to estimate the true number of classes in a population, called the species richness. We consider the case where multiple frequency count tables have been collected from a homogeneous population, and investigate a penalized maximum likelihood estimator under a negative binomial model. selleck chemical Because high probabilities of unobserved classes increase the variance of species richness estimates, our method penalizes the probability of a class being unobserved. Tuning the penalization parameter is challenging because the true species richness is never known, and so we propose and validate four novel methods for tuning the penalization parameter. We illustrate and contrast the performance of the proposed methods by estimating the strain-level microbial diversity of Lake Champlain over 3 consecutive years, and global human host-associated species-level microbial richness.Young children who have spent much of their lives under coronavirus restrictions now seem more vulnerable to a number of other conditions, finds Donna Lu.A lack of oxygen supplies for covid-19 patients is a national crisis as India hits record case numbers, reports Puja Changoiwala.This paper aims to study the determinants of the Lean Service System (LSS) on the Operational Performance (OP) of India's mail service in the National Sorting Hub (NSH), Mangaluru, Karnataka, the southern part of India. Measuring the OP in mail service is a big challenge in the postal service industry. Hence, we have conducted a survey, and 150 usable data has measured the impact of Lean Service Practices (LSP), Lean Workplace Environment Practices (LWEP), and Lean Social Practices (LSoP) on the OP. The results are analyzed from the partial least square based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with the support of R programming. The analysis shows that there is positive and significant impact of LSP (β = 0.380, p  less then  .05), followed by LWEP (β = 0.281, p  less then  .05), and LSoP (β = 0.266, p  less then  .05) on OP. The practical effect of the findings of LSS are effectively implemented for enhancing the OP of the business. This research addresses the appropriate empirical model to test LSS in India's postal service industry, which is scant in the existing literature. Moreover, this study helps India Post to review its policy so as to sustain the effectiveness of Lean Service (LS) implementation.Under the prevailing circumstances of the global pandemic of COVID-19, early diagnosis and accurate detection of COVID-19 through tests/screening and, subsequently, isolation of the infected people would be a proactive measure. Artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and exploiting the Deep Learning model's diagnostic capabilities, have been studied in this paper. Transfer Learning approach, based on VGG16 and ResNet50 architectures, has been used to develop an algorithm to detect COVID-19 from CT scan images consisting of Healthy (Normal), COVID-19, and Pneumonia categories. This paper adopts data augmentation and fine-tuning techniques to improve and optimize the VGG16 and ResNet50 model. Further, stratified 5-fold cross-validation has been conducted to test the robustness and effectiveness of the model. The proposed model performs exceptionally well in case of binary classification (COVID-19 vs. Normal) with an average classification accuracy of more than 99% in both VGG16 and ResNet50 based models. In multiclass classification (COVID-19 vs. Normal vs. Pneumonia), the proposed model achieves an average classification accuracy of 86.74% and 88.52% using VGG16 and ResNet50 architectures as baseline, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves superior performance and can be used for automated detection of COVID-19 from CT scans.For years the influence of progressive digitalization has become noticeable in the work areas of care experts in ostomy, continence and wounds (PSKW). A few years ago the feasibility of tele-healthcare and the resulting quality of care for ostomates in the out of hospital area were also tested in international studies. The driving forces included the insurance companies in the healthcare system who wanted to build a cost-effective supply structure for the insured people using digital aids. Even before the corona crisis a health insurance service contract included the requirement that service providers also offer stoma care for ostomates via online access. For the first time, the option of remote care for people with an ostomy by service providers in the outpatient area was defined as part of the contract. In this article the possibility of telecare stomatherapy as a supplement to face to face care of ostomates by SKW care experts is presented and the situation under the current corona pandemic is considered.This special issue showcases recent uses of mathematical and nonlinear science methods in the study of different problems arising in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sixteen original research papers included in this collection span a wide spectrum of studies including classical epidemiological models, new models accounting for COVID-19 specificities, non-pharmaceutical control measures, network models and other problems related to the pandemic.From its very beginning, sociological thought has been concerned with a topic central to our daily lives social distance. Since inception, the concept of social distance has referred to the relationships of familiarity and strangeness between social groups, which is experienced in the social world in terms of "We" and "They". This article covers the main tenets of a Schutzian phenomenological approach to the study of social distance and group relationships. Specific focus is placed on the different attitudes and valuations of the in-group towards the out-group considered as a stranger, the invisible excess of meaning that emerges in these types of social relationships and the conceptual construction of the Other that explains the phenomenon of discrimination.The sanctioning of different coronavirus vaccines (with some approved by regulators for public delivery, and others in the pipeline) has met with relief by many sections of the public and the government. However, partly due to the damages associated with the pandemic and the ensuing euphoria over vaccines' arrival, some of the challenges are mostly being ignored or are not recognized. This paper identifies some pitfalls and drawbacks in vaccine delivery. We argue that the somewhat unique tension between the speed of vaccine delivery and its scale can create opportunities for corrupt behavior that are often at odds with effective means to check abuse. While data on instances of abuse will emerge over time, it is useful to point out different avenues of abuse so that some preventive government actions can be undertaken. Specifically, we argue that the potential for out of turn delivery of vaccines and the stockpiling by unauthorized agents creates incentives for corruption, with the public or bureaucrats initiating corrupt transactions.
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