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Cardio exercise oxygenation associated with α-methylene ketone below visible-light catalysed by the CeNi3 complicated having a macrocyclic tris(salen)-ligand.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the morphological variation of human populations that inhabited the southern Andes (Mendoza city, Argentina) during 16th to 19th centuries. That period represents an encounter of several distinctive populations inhabiting the same area Europeans, descendants from Europeans (criollos), Africans, and Native Americans. In this paper, we study the shape changes of the cranial base, cranial vault, facial skeleton, and mandible to evaluate if the craniofacial variation differs in relation to the colonial periods and burial areas. For this, we analyzed 44 skulls from four colonial temples of the Foundational Area of Mendoza, and 36 prehistoric ones as a comparative sample. A total of 84 3D anatomical landmarks were registered with a Microscribe G2X. First, we explored the morphological changes by chronological period through a Principal Component Analysis, and then we calculated Mahalanobis distances among the individuals from different chronological periods. Second, we evaluated the morphological variation of the colonial subsample according to chronological period, archaeological site, and burial area. For this, we conducted a Principal Component Analysis and a MANOVA. We represent the morphological changes by Wireframes that show the main variation along PC1 and PC2. The results obtained showed morphological differences in the cranial base and facial skeleton of the individuals from different chronological periods, while the cranial base and mandible vary when comparing individuals from different burial areas. We conclude that the colonial society was highly diverse in terms of biological and cultural variation, and that there were differential dietary patterns among them.Discrete, small, roundish lesions of localized porous bone can be occasionally seen in the craniofacial skeleton. Such lesions are rarely mentioned and only occur as an incidental discovery being assigned to plenty of diagnoses. As an example, such multiple small lesions of the facial skeleton in a well-preserved skeleton of a 40-60 year old male of the Hunno-Sarmatian Period from Kazakhstan, are discussed. Some of the lesions were examined by digital microscopy, plain radiography, and plain and polarizing microscopy. Considering possible differential diagnoses of vascular, traumatic, inflammatory/reactive, metabolic, and neoplastic entities, as well as developmental conditions, its microscopic characteristics point to a fibro-osseous process. This paper intends to open a discussion on the diagnosis of such lesions, which have been relatively neglected in previous research.Objectives Torus Palatinus (TP) is a bony projection located on the oral surface of the hard palate. The trait is typically benign, has an unknown etiology, and varies widely in phenotypic expression. Prior studies suggest differences in TP prevalence by sex and ancestry, but the reported rates vary, even within a single ancestral group. We assessed the prevalence of TP and its association with palatal shape in a large multi-ethnic cohort of normal individuals. Methodology 1102 adults were included (625 with European ancestry, 377 with West African anscestry, and 100 with East Asian ancestry). 3D digital dental casts were obtained and rated. TP frequencies were compared between sexes and/or ethnicities using Chi-squared tests. Dental cast models were then landmarked, and canonical variates analysis was performed to test for shape differences between those with and without TP. Results Females had a significantly higher rate of TP than males across all three ancestral groups (p≤0.004). In males, no significant differences were found among ethnicities. Ancestral differences in TP frequency were driven by females, with East Asians having the highest rate (34.69%), followed by Europeans (24.88%) and West Africans (15.22%). Shape differences were found only in Asians and Africans, indicated a shorter and wider palate in presence of TP. Conclusions Ethnic differences in TP frequency were present only in females. Further, females have considerably higher rates of TP than males in each population tested. Further studies of TP at earlier time-points and in connection to other aspects of craniofacial growth may shed light on these sex and ethnic differences.The amide group has one of the most significant functionalities found in many natural products. Herein, low-nucleophilic amides are used in a Mannich-type reaction to synthesize N-acyl-protected amine derivatives. A highly efficient synthetic method utilizing simple aldehydes, N-substituted anilines, and amides as substrates was established through a one-pot amide pathway activated by hydrogen bonding between the ZnCl2 and amide under solvent-free conditions. This strategy can be broadly applied to medicinal chemistry. More importantly, compared with the previous Lewis acid catalyzed reaction, we proposed a new application of zinc chloride.Nowadays micro-plastic pollution has become one of the most serious global environmental problems. A potential strategy in managing micro-plastic waste is enzyme-catalyzed degradation. MGS0156 is a hydrolase screened from environmental metagenomes, which can efficiently degrade commercial plastics such as polycaprolactone, polylactide, etc. learn more Here a combined molecular dynamics, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanism method was used to reveal the enzymatic depolymerization mechanism. By systematically analyzing the binding processes of nine oligomers (from a monomer to tetramer), we found that longer oligomers have relatively stronger binding energy. The degradation process involves two concerted elementary steps triad-assisted nucleophilic attack and C-O bond cleavage. C-O bond cleavage is the rate determining step with an average barrier of 15.7 kcal mol-1, which is consistent with the experimentally determined kcat (1101 s-1, corresponds to 13.3 kcal mol-1). The electrostatic influence analysis of twenty amino acids highlights His231 and Asp237 as potential mutation targets for designing more efficient MGS0156 mutants.Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) provides spectra carrying information as to the electric-field gradient around nuclei with a spin quantum number I > 1/2 and offers helpful clues toward characterizing the electronic structure of materials of chemical interest. A major challenge in NQR is finding hitherto unknown resonance frequencies, which can scatter over a wide range, requiring time consuming repetitive measurements with stepwise frequency increments. Here, we report on an efficient, two-step NQR protocol by bringing rapid-scan and frequency-comb together. In the first step, wideband excitation and simultaneous signal acquisition, both realized by a non-adiabatic, frequency-swept hyperbolic secant (HS) pulse with comb modulation, offers a clue for the existence/absence of the resonance within the frequency region under investigation. When and only when the sign of the resonance has been detected, the second step is implemented to compensate the limited detection bandwidth of the first and to unambiguously determine the NQR frequency.
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