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Background Despite the increase in family medicine residency in Japan, there are only a few structured faculty development (FD) programs. The objective of this project was to construct a consensus on core competencies of faculty to develop a faculty development curriculum in a Japanese family medicine context. Methods In 2015, a private FD initiative in the Mie University initiated a curriculum development in collaboration with FD fellowship at the University of Pittsburgh. A literature review and subsequent Delphi process were conducted for core competency development. Based on the core competency list, we designed and implemented a 2-year part-time FD curriculum from 2016. A course evaluation using pre-post confidence level was held during March 2017. Results Twenty-eight objectives were defined in five core domains 1) care management/family medicine principle, 2) leadership/professional development, 3) administrative/management, 4) teaching, and 5) research/scholarly activity. A pre-post survey at the end of an academic year revealed a significant increase in learner confidence for "care management/family medicine principle" (P = .03), "teaching" (P less then .01), and "research/scholarly activity" (P less then .01), as well as the total score (P = .03). Conclusions A family medicine FD curriculum based on a faculty core competency list was developed by consensus in a Japanese family medicine context. The core competency was strongly context-oriented, and the relevance of the FD topics and opportunities to apply to the participants' current positions may be inevitable for learner engagement. Further curriculum refinements will be required to see whether the curriculum could be used for faculty development in other family medicine residencies.Background The relationship between the risk of right heart failure in primary acute pulmonary embolism after embolization and the residual thrombus sites in the pelvis and lower limbs is not clear. Methods This single-center retrospective observational study examined the results of contrast-enhanced computed tomography and venous ultrasonography of patients with primary acute PE and DVT. We assessed the association between the occurrence of right heart failure and age; gender; pulmonary thrombosis distribution; most proximal site of deep vein thrombosis in the soleal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC), or common iliac vein (CIV); DVT distribution; and malignancy using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results In all, 77 of 165 patients were male (mean age 65.1 ± 13.7 years). Right heart failure occurred in 53 patients (32.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for right heart failure was significantly lower in patients with the most proximal site of DVT in the IVC/CIV (OR = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.62, P = .017), while it was significantly higher in females (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.05-6.01, P = .039), and in patients who exhibited the presence of bilateral venous thrombosis (OR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.60-9.48, P = .003). Conclusion A significant factor involved in PE without right heart failure was the most proximal site of DVT in the IVC/CIV, and significant risk factors associated with PE with right heart failure were more prevalent in females and in patients who exhibited the presence of bilateral venous thrombosis.Background Previous clinical studies have reported that Shakuyaku-kanzo-to (SKT) has a therapeutic effect on muscle cramps, but few studies have clarified how SKT acts to treat muscle cramps. The aim of this study was to perform an updated systematic review of clinical trials for SKT in patients with muscle cramps. Methods The literature was systematically reviewed to assess the effects of SKT in patients with muscle cramps. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Ichushi-Web were searched using the terms "Shakuyaku-kanzo-to" ("shakuyakukanzoto", etc), "clinical trials" and "muscle cramps". Two quality assessments were conducted independently by three authors. Data were extracted using a standardized extraction tool, and a qualitative synthesis of evidence was performed. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/triparanol-mer-29.html Results Three randomized controlled articles were identified and enrolled in this study. A systematic review, but not a meta-analysis, was performed because of the high heterogeneity and limited number of studies. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the odds ratio (OR) for improvement with SKT compared to placebo was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.445-2.086) and compared to Goshajinkigan was 0.81 (95%CI, -1.734-0.114). The OR for improvement with SKT compared with eperisone hydrochloride in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis was 2.86 (95%CI, 0.980-4.744). Conclusions Current evidence appears insufficient to allow a meta-analysis of the effects of SKT, but SKT might show efficacy in treating muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis or lumbar spinal stenosis.Background A recent investigation reported that 92.7% Japanese family physicians have prescribed Kampo medicine (KM). KM can treat a wide variety of conditions from mental disorders to physical weaknesses. However, the characteristics and course of patients treated with KM at the Department of General Medicine remain unclear. Aims To investigate the characteristics and course of patients treated with KM in our hospital. Methods Data on medical history, complaints, course after Kampo treatment, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores were retrogradely collected. The background of patients who received Kampo treatment was compared to that of patients who did not. Result Of 362 patients, 51 were treated with KM. Symptoms for which KM was prescribed included pain, general malaise, or sensory disturbance of extremities. All patients treated with KM were screened and initially diagnosed with a functional disorder or noncritical condition. KM including a crude drug of saiko such as hochuekkito, shigyakusan, shosaikoto, and yokukansan, was frequently prescribed for patients. Subjective symptoms showed improvement (53%) and no change (47%), while worsening was not observed in any patient. HAM-D scores showed that patients treated with KM had higher anxiety levels and related symptoms as well as a higher frequency of mental disorders prior to presenting at the hospital. Conclusion Most complaints of the patients treated with KM were pain, general malaise, and sensory disturbance. KM is more likely to be prescribed in patients with health-related anxiety or a history of mental disorders.
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