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Energetic 18F-FPCIT Dog: Quantification of Parkinson's condition metabolic networks as well as nigrostriatal dopaminergic problems in a image resolution session.
p skills and knowledge to support AMS.Graphical Abstract.Graphical Abstract.
We previously developed proxy indicators (PIs) that can be used to estimate the appropriateness of medications used for infectious diseases (in particular antibiotics) in primary care, based on routine reimbursement data that do not include clinical indications.

To (i) select the PIs that are relevant for children and estimate current appropriateness of medications used for infectious diseases by French paediatricians and its variability while using these PIs; (ii) assess the clinimetric properties of these PIs using a large regional reimbursement database; and (iii) compare performance scores for each PI between paediatricians and GPs in the paediatric population.

For all individuals living in north-eastern France, a cross-sectional observational study was performed analysing National Health Insurance data (available at prescriber and patient levels) regarding antibiotics prescribed by their paediatricians in 2017. We measured performance scores of the PIs, and we tested their clinimetric properties, i.e. measurability, applicability and room for improvement.

We included 116 paediatricians who prescribed a total of 44 146 antibiotic treatments in 2017. For all four selected PIs (seasonal variation of total antibiotic use, amoxicillin/second-line antibiotics ratio, co-prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics), we found large variations between paediatricians. Regarding clinimetric properties, all PIs were measurable and applicable, and showed high improvement potential. Performance scores did not differ between these 116 paediatricians and 3087 GPs.

This set of four proxy indicators might be used to estimate appropriateness of prescribing in children in an automated way within antibiotic stewardship programmes.
This set of four proxy indicators might be used to estimate appropriateness of prescribing in children in an automated way within antibiotic stewardship programmes.Graphical Abstract.
To analyse by WGS the ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) resistance mechanisms in
and
spp. isolates recovered from complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in patients from Spanish ICUs (SUPERIOR surveillance study, 2016-17).

The clonal relatedness, the resistome and the virulome of 45
and 43
spp. isolates with different C/T susceptibility profiles were characterized.

In
, two (C/T susceptible) carbapenemase producers (VIM-2-CC23, OXA-48-ST38) were detected. The most relevant clone was ST131-B2-O25H4-H30 (17/45), particularly the CTX-M-15-ST131-H30-Rx sublineage (15/17). this website ST131 strains were mainly C/T susceptible (15/17) and showed an extensive virulome. In non-ST131 strains (28/45), CTX-M enzymes [CTX-M-14 (8/24); CTX-M-15 (6/24); CTX-M-1 (3/24); CTX-M-32 (2/24)] were found in different clones. C/T resistance was detected in non-clonal
isolates (13%, 6/45) with ESBL (4/6) and non-ESBL (2/6) genotypes. Among
spp.,
(42/43) and
(1/43) species were identified; 42% (18/43)other resistance mechanisms might be additionally involved.
With the discovery of new antibiotics diminishing, optimizing the administration of existing antibiotics has become a necessity. Critical care nurses play a crucial role in combating antimicrobial resistance and are involved in preparing and administering antibiotics as well as monitoring their effects on patients. A dosing strategy proposed to reduce the development of ever-evolving antimicrobial resistance involves differential dosing regimens such as prolonged/continuous infusions.

To assess critical care nurses' knowledge, perceptions, comfort and experience in relation to prolonged/continuous infusion antibiotics.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an investigator-developed, self-administered survey consisting of open- and closed-ended questions. Obtained data were computed using SPSS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.

Fifty-two critical care nurses participated in the survey. Data revealed that nurses have adequate levels of knowledge and is a need for further learning beyond information gained from nursing education courses. Findings from this study indicate that nurses are supportive of prolonged/continuous infusion antibiotics. However, further research is needed to determine the most effective mode of antibiotic administration.
Use of antibiotics to treat humans and animals is increasing worldwide, but evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in households and farms in Uganda to assess patterns of antibiotic use among humans and animals.

Between May and December 2018, a convenience sample of 100 households in Nagongera (rural), 174 households in Namuwongo (urban) and 115 poultry and piggery farms in Wakiso (peri-urban) were selected and enrolled. Using the 'drug bag' method, participants identified antibiotics they used frequently and the sources of these medicines. Prevalence outcomes were compared between different sites using prevalence ratios (PRs) and chi-squared tests.

Nearly all respondents in Nagongera and Namuwongo reported using antibiotics to treat household members, most within the past month (74.7% Nagongera versus 68.8% Namuwongo,
=
0.33). Use of metronidazole was significantly more common in Namuwongo than in Nagongera (73.6% versus 40.0%, PR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.70,
<
0.001), while the opposite was true for amoxicillin (33.3% versus 58.0%, PR 1.74, 95% CI 1.33-2.28,
<
0.001).Veterinary use of antibiotics within the past month was much higher in Wakiso than in Nagongera (71.3% versus 15.0%,
<
0.001). At both sites, oxytetracycline hydrochloride was the most frequently used veterinary antibiotic, but it was used more commonly in Wakiso than in Nagongera (76.5% versus 31.0%, PR 0.41, 95% CI 0.30-0.55,
<
0.001).

Antibiotics are used differently across Uganda. Further research is needed to understand why antibiotics are relied upon in different ways in different contexts. Efforts to optimize antibiotic use should be tailored to specific settings.
Antibiotics are used differently across Uganda. Further research is needed to understand why antibiotics are relied upon in different ways in different contexts. Efforts to optimize antibiotic use should be tailored to specific settings.
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