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Long-term neurodevelopmental benefits amid preterm children delivered to be able to moms with diabetes mellitus.
Furthermore, a mismatch between restoration goals and restoration measures was observed. Measures are still mainly focused on hydromorphological techniques, while biological goals remain underexposed and therefore need to be better targeted. Moreover, restoration practices occur mainly on small scales, despite the widely recognized relevance of tackling multiple stressors acting over large scales for stream ecosystem recovery. In order to increase the success rate of restoration projects, it is recommended to improve the design of the accompanying monitoring programmes, allowing to evaluate, over longer time periods, if the measures taken led to the desired results. Secondly, we advise to diagnose the dominant stressors and plan restoration measures at the appropriate scale of these stressors, generally the catchment scale. The literature on the diffusion of the circular economy (CE) rarely provides empirical evidence from emerging economies that face institutional voids and sustainability paradoxes. In contrast, drawing on stakeholder theory, in this paper we test a research framework capable of capturing the imbricated and complex relations among stakeholder pressure, barriers to and motivators of the CE, circular business models, and firms' sustainable performance. Survey-based primary data was gathered from Brazilian industrial companies which lack regulatory clarity regarding the implementation of a CE. Our research results comprise both expected and unexpected outcomes (i) differing from other countries, the relevance of regulatory stakeholders in Brazil could not be fully confirmed, adding complexity to the topic; (ii) unexpectedly, in this research, company owners/shareholders were the most salient stakeholders; (iii) stakeholders do indeed exert influence on how firms deal with barriers to and motivators of a CE; (iv) we found that internal barriers and internal motivators were perceived as more intense than external ones, which may create organizational tensions; (v) the adoption of a CE by firms tends to improve their sustainable performance; (vi) the previous possession of ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 certifications may control the way companies perceive the benefits of a CE. selleckchem More than two thirds of large rivers worldwide are fragmented, threatening freshwater biodiversity, river integrity, and the services that freshwater ecosystems provide for human populations around the globe. In an effort to alleviate the impacts of barriers, engineered solutions have been developed, though with somewhat underwhelming results. River restoration, especially dam removal, is viewed as the optimal option though seldom the go-to approach. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a large restoration project (pseudo dam removal) in River Kolding, Southern Jutland, Denmark, via a before-after-control-impact (BACI) approach. Using a large dataset of electrofishing data from 74 sites (including downstream unaffected sites, reconnected sites and upstream regulated sites), we found that habitat connectivity was restored successfully, with a large increase in young-of-the-year brown trout (Salmo trutta) at reconnected sites, reaching similar densities to downstream (non-affected) sites. We further observed a decrease in length at reconnected sites, suggesting that natural spawning and rearing habitats were successfully restored too. Retaining trees during harvesting to conserve biodiversity is becoming increasingly common in forestry. To assess, select and monitor these habitat trees, ecologists and practitioners often use Tree-related Microhabitats (TreMs), which are assumed to represent the abundance and diversity of environmental resources for a wide range of forest-dwelling taxa. However, the relationship between TreMs and forest organisms is not fully understood. In this context, we attempted to identify and quantify the links between TreMs and three groups of forest organisms insects, bats, and birds. Specifically, we tested whether species abundance is influenced by TreM abundance, either as direct predictor or as mediator of environmental predictors. We collected data in 86 temperate, 1-ha mixed forest plots and employed a hierarchical generalized mixed model to assess the influence of seven environmental predictors (aspect, number and height of standing dead trees, cover of herb and shrub layer, volume of lying deadwood, and terles - bats" of the Pipistrellus group. In addition, TreMs had indirect effects on forest organisms through mediating the effects of environmental predictors. We found significant associations between two out of fifteen TreM groups and five out of 44 forest organism groups. These results indicate that TreM abundance on potential habitat trees is not suited as a general indicator of the species abundance across broad taxonomic groups but possibly for specific target groups with proven links. China has implemented main functional areas planning (MFAP) since 2010, which is essential for improving the efficiency of land space utilization and achieving sustainable urban development. Quantitative assessments of the urban development levels (UDLs) at the county level across China after the implementation of MFAP have not been well-documented. In this study, a unified indicator system was developed, and the UDLs of 2850 counties in China after MFAP implementation were evaluated. The results showed that MFAP played a positive role in urban development in China. The UDLs in China generally increased but showed obvious spatial differences. The higher UDLs were mostly found in the counties in the five urban belts, which reflects the overall urban layout of China. The UDLs were generally low in the western counties in comparison with those in the eastern part of China. The differences in the UDLs from east to west were greater than those from north to south. Moreover, the differences in the UDLs presented a spatial agglomeration effect. This study could offer insight into the refinement of MFAP in China and sustainable urban development in developing countries. China's electricity industry has gone through three decades of market-oriented reform, and this process is often interpreted as a tug of war between marketization and state control. However, this paper argues that a dichotomous conception of the state-market relationship cannot explain the evolution and complexity of China's electricity governance. By systematically analyzing the institutions of China's electricity reform, this paper identifies a sequence of innovations that align well with both the history of China's economic transition and the institutional underpinnings of China's economic governance. Also, by interpreting the respective roles of state and market in China's reformed electricity industry, this paper shows that state control and marketization are complementary rather than contradictory, and that their complementarity is best exercised in addressing issues like market fragmentation and renewable energy curtailment. Moreover, this paper presents two case studies - both on China's most recent electricity market experimentation - to elaborate how state and market jointly serve sectoral functions as well as broader economic and political goals.
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