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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered several hypotheses regarding use of specific medicines and risk of infection as well as prognosis. Under these unique circumstances, rapid answers require quick engagement in data collection and analyses, however, appropriate design and conduct of pharmacoepidemiologic studies is needed to generate valid and reliable evidence. In this paper, endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology, we provide methodological considerations for the conduct of pharmacoepidemiological studies in relation to the pandemic across eight domains (1) timeliness of evidence, including the need to prioritize some questions over others in the acute phase of the pandemic; (2) the need to align observational and interventional research on efficacy; (3) the specific challenges related to 'real-time epidemiology' during an ongoing pandemic; (4) what design to use to answer a specific question; (5) considerations on the definition of exposures; (6) what covariates to collect; (7) considerations on the definition of outcomes; and (8) the need for transparent reporting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.NKX2-5 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays a crucial role in heart development. It is the first gene where a single genetic variant (GV) was found to be associated with congenital heart diseases in humans. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive survey of NKX2-5 GVs in order to build a unified, curated and updated compilation of all available GVs. We retrieved a total of 1380 unique GVs. From these, 970 had information on their frequency in the general population and 143 have been linked to pathogenic phenotypes in humans. In vitro effect was ascertained for 38 GVs. The homeodomain had the biggest cluster of pathogenic variants in the protein 49 GVs in 60 residues, 23 in its third alpha-helix, where 11 missense variants may affect protein-DNA interaction or the hydrophobic core. We also pinpointed the likely location of pathogenic GVs in 4 linear motifs. These analyses allowed us to assign a putative explanation for the effect of 90 GVs. This study pointed to reliable pathogenicity for GVs in helix 3 of the homeodomain and may broaden the scope of functional and structural studies that can be done to better understand the effect of GVs in NKX2-5 function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation is currently used for failed bioprosthesis. The use of a transcatheter prosthesis in a regurgitant noncalcified root implanted Medtronic Freestyle prosthesis is particularly challenging. We present a successful transaxillary valve-in-valve implantation of a self-expandable transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis in a failed Freestyle bioprothesis implanted eleven years earlier. Tips and tricks are discussed. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.OBJECTIVE  Our objective was to determine if the duration off respiratory support prior to discharge home from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) would impact hospital readmission rates among extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN). STUDY DESIGN  In this retrospective chart review, we examined readmission rates for ELGAN admitted to the Montefiore-Weiler NICU between 2013 and 2015. RESULTS  Of 140 infants born at less then 29 weeks' gestational age, 30 (21%) of these infants were subsequently readmitted within 90 days, primarily for respiratory complaints. Readmitted infants were born at an earlier gestational age (median = 26 weeks; interquartile range [IQR] 24-27 weeks) compared to infants who did not require readmission (median = 27 weeks; IQR 25-28 weeks), p = 0.03. Birth weights were smaller among infants who required readmission, 800 ± 248 g compared to 910 ± 214 g (p = 0.02). Infants with Hispanic ethnicity and those discharged during the spring season were likely to be readmitted. Duration off respiratory support prior to discharge did not predict 90-day readmission rates. Lower gestational age and birth weight were associated with higher rates of readmissions after NICU discharge. CONCLUSION  Duration off and invasiveness of respiratory support prior to discharge did not predict risk of 90-day readmission nor did discharge during months with traditionally higher prevalence of respiratory viruses. selleck chemical Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.OBJECTIVE  This study aimed to analyze whether hospital safety-net burden status is associated with increased risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and postpartum readmissions. STUDY DESIGN  The 2010 to 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database was utilized for this retrospective cohort study. Hospitals were categorized as high-burden hospitals (25% of hospitals with the highest safety-net burden), medium-burden hospitals (50% of hospitals with intermediate safety-net burden), and low-burden hospitals (25% of hospitals with the lowest safety-net burden) based on the proportions of Medicaid or uninsured patients. Risk for (1) SMM, (2) 60-day postpartum readmissions, and (3) SMM during postpartum readmissions was analyzed. Unadjusted and adjusted log-linear regression models were performed, respectively, for these outcomes with unadjusted risk ratio (RR) and adjusted RR (aRR) as measures of effect. Adjusted models included demographic, hospital, and clinical factors. RESULTS  High-burden safety-net status was asue, New York, NY 10001, USA.in English, German Bei der Therapie des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms wurden in letzter Zeit deutliche Fortschritte erzielt. Zusätzlich zur Androgendeprivation stehen verschiedene Optionen zur Verfügung, wie gegen den Androgenrezeptor gerichtete Therapien und die Taxan-basierte Chemotherapie. Nach wie vor wird diskutiert, ob oligometastasierte Patienten primär nur systemisch behandelt werden sollten, ober ob sie von einer zusätzlichen Lokaltherapie des Primärtumors profitieren. Bis Mitte 2018 gab es keine evidenzbasierte Empfehlung, bei neu diagnostiziertem Prostatakarzinom mit Fernmetastasen eine lokale Bestrahlung der Prostata durchzuführen. Diese konnte als Einzelfallentscheidung aufgrund der Daten retrospektiver Serien indiziert werden. Dementsprechend gab es hierzu keine Empfehlungen in den Leitlinien. Durch die 2018 /19 publizierten Daten der STAMPEDE- und der HORRAD-Studie ist die Indikation zu einer lokalen Bestrahlung des Primärtumors beim oligometastasierten Prostatakarzinom mit weniger als 4 Knochenmetastasen nun klar belegt.
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