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SNAP25 Stops Glioma Advancement through Managing Synapse Plasticity through GLS-Mediated Glutaminolysis.
Proper vacancy engineering is considered as a promising strategy to improve intrinsic activity, but it is challenging to construct rich vacancies by a simple strategy. Herein, Fe doped Ni5P4 nanosheet arrays with rich P vacancies are developed via a facile phase transformation strategy. Based on systematic investigations, we have demonstrated that an optimized surface electronic structure, abundant active sites and improved charge transport capability can be effectively achieved by vacancy engineering. Consequently, Fe doped Ni5P4 with rich vacancies show remarkable catalytic performances with 94.5 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 217.3 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA cm-2, respectively, as well as good durability. When directly employed as working electrodes, the as-obtained Fe doped Ni5P4 with rich vacancies can attain 10 mA cm-2 at a low voltage of 1.59 V. This work demonstrates a feasible strategy for rationally fabricating electrocatalysts with rich vacancies via a simple phase transformation.In vivo imaging and therapy represent one of the most promising areas in nanomedicine. Particularly, the identification and localization of nanomaterials within cells and tissues are key issues to understand their interaction with biological components, namely their cell internalization route, intracellular destination, therapeutic activity and possible cytotoxicity. Here, we show the development of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) by providing luminescent functionality to zinc and iron oxide NPs. We describe simple synthesis methods based on modified Stöber procedures to incorporate fluorescent molecules on the surface of oxide NPs. These procedures involve the successful coating of NPs with size-controlled amorphous silica (SiO2) shells incorporating standard chromophores like fluorescein, rhodamine B or rhodamine B isothiocyanate. Specifically, spherical Fe3O4 NPs with an average size of 10 nm and commercial ZnO NPs (ca. 130 nm), both coated with an amorphous SiO2 shell of ca. 15 and 24 nm thickness, retarget cells maintaining its original structure. Degradation took place only 24 hours after exposure to different media.The objectives of this research were to investigate urinary metabolome modifications and discover potential intake biomarkers in young women after cranberry juice consumption. Fifteen female college students were given either cranberry juice or apple juice for three days using a cross-over design. Urine samples were collected before and after juice consumption. The metabolome in the urine was analyzed using UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-HRMS-based metabolomics followed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA). An S-plot was used to identify discriminant metabolites. Validated OPLS-DA analyses showed that cranberry juice consumption significantly altered the urinary metabolome. Compared to the baseline urine or urine after apple juice consumption, cranberry juice consumption increased urinary excretion of both exogenous and endogenous metabolites. The tentatively identified exogenous metabolites included quinic acid, coumaric acid, 4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid-O-sulphate, 5-(dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone sulfate, diphenol glucuronide, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl propionic acid, 3-(hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, 4-O-methylgallic acid, trihydroxybenzoic acid and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. Modifications of endogenous metabolites after cranberry juice consumption included the increases in homocitric acid, hippuric acid, 3-hydroxy-3-carboxymethyl-adipic acid, (2)3-isopropylmalate, pimelic acid and N-acetyl-l-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. These metabolites may serve as urinary biomarkers of cranberry juice consumption and contribute to the bioactivities of cranberries against urinary tract infection.Electrocatalysis plays a central role in clean energy conversion, enabling a number of processes for future sustainable technologies. Atomic site electrocatalysts (ASCs), including single-atomic site catalysts (SASCs) and diatomic site catalysis (DASCs), are being pursued as economical alternatives to noble-metal-based catalysts for these reactions by virtue of their exceptionally high atom utilization efficiencies, well-defined active sites and high selectivities. In this review, we start from a systematic review on the fabrication routes of ASCs followed by an overview of some new and effective characterization methods to precisely probe the atomic structure. Then we give a comprehensive summary on the current advances in some typical clean energy reactions water splitting, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER); oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), including selective 4e- - ORR toward H2O/OH- and 2e- - ORR toward H2O2/HO2-; selective electrooxidation of formic acid, methanol and ethanol (FAOR, MOR and EOR). At the end of this paper, we present a brief conclusion, and discuss the challenges and opportunities on the further development of more selective, active, stable and less expensive ASCs.Stem cells (SCs) are more and more often applied in tissue engineering and cell therapies, e.g. in regenerative medicine. Standard methods of SC differentiation are time consuming and ineffective. Therefore, new bioanalytical methods (i.e. Lab-on-a-Chip systems) are develop to improve such type of studies. Although, microtechnology is a rapidly growing research area, there are so far not too many works which present SC differentiation into cardiomyocytes in the microsystems. Therefore, we present new microbioanalytical method of SC differentiation towards cardiac cells using a newly developed digitally controlled microdispenser integrated with a Heart-on-a-chip system. Seven-day culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their differentiation using biochemical factors such as 5-AZA (2 μM, 24 h) and VEGF (20 ng ml-1, 72 h) were investigated in the microsystem which was automatically operated using smartphone software. Itacnosertib hMSC differentiation into the cardiac cells was confirmed using immunostaining of cardiac markers (α-actinin and troponin T). The usage of the microsystem allowed shortening the time of hMSC differentiation in comparison to macroscale method. We showed that the microsystem, in which the in vivo microenvironment is mimicked and dynamic conditions are provided by a microdispenser, favorably affect hMSC differentiation towards cardiac cells. Based on the presented research we can conclude that the developed digitally controlled microsystem could be successfully utilized as a new microbioanalytical method for stem cells differentiation and analysis of their function under dynamic conditions. In the future, this could be a helpful tool for scientists working on regenerative medicine.
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