Notes

Polygenic chance with regard to obesity as well as interaction together with lifestyle along with sociodemographic elements inside Eu children and young people.
Measurements of functional residual capacity (FRC) collected using plethysmography and dilution techniques showed physiologically insignificant differences and were combined. Sex-specific reference equations including height and age were developed for total lung capacity (TLC), FRC, residual volume (RV), inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume and RV/TLC. The derived equations were similar to previously published equations for FRC and TLC, with closer agreement during childhood and adolescence than in adulthood.

Global Lung Function Initiative reference equations for lung volumes provide a generalisable standard for reporting and interpretation of lung volumes measurements in individuals of European ancestry.
Global Lung Function Initiative reference equations for lung volumes provide a generalisable standard for reporting and interpretation of lung volumes measurements in individuals of European ancestry.
Medical journals increasingly promote published content through social media platforms such as Twitter. However, gastroenterology journals still rank below average in social media engagement.

We aimed to determine the engagement patterns of publications in gastroenterology journals on Twitter and evaluate the impact of tweets on citations.

This was a retrospective cohort study comparing the 3-year citations of all full-length articles published in five major gastroenterology journals from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2012, tweeted by official journal accounts with those that were not. Multivariate analysis using linear regression was performed to control for journal impact factor, time since publication, article type, frequency of reposting by other users ("retweets"), and media addition to tweets. Secondary analyses were performed to assess the associations between article type or subtopic and the likelihood of social media promotion/engagement.

A total of 1666 articles were reviewed, with 477 twweeting of gastroenterology journal articles independently predicted higher 3-year citations. Wider adoption of social media to increase reach and measure uptake of published research should be considered.
Cognitive, sensory, and biomechanical factors may affect gait of older adults. Among biomechanical factors, reduced pelvis and trunk range of motion (ROM) were associated with slower gait speed, shorter step length, and increased susceptibility to fall in older adults.

To systematically review the studies that compared trunk and pelvic movement during gait among adults and older adults.

Electronic search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cinahl from inception until May 2020. Studies that compared trunk and/or pelvis kinematics during gait between adults and older adults were included. The following data were extracted from studies gait speed, walking surface, and pelvis trunk ROM during gait in the three planes of motion. Meta-analyses were calculated for slow, comfortable, and fast gait speeds using random effects models. GRADE determined the strength of evidence.

Twelve studies were included in this review. There was moderate-quality evidence that older adults have reduced pelvic rotation ROM at comfortable speed (SMD = -0.90 [-1.35, -0.45]) and high-quality evidence that older adults also have reduced pelvic rotation ROM at fast walking speed (SMD = -1.55 [-3.43, -0.33]). In addition, there was low-quality evidence that older adults have reduced trunk rotation at fast walking speed (SMD = -0.63 [-1.23, -0.03]). There were no differences for pelvic and trunk movement in the sagittal and frontal planes.

There is low to high quality of evidence that older adults walk with less pelvic rotation ROM in comfortable and fast walking speeds, and less trunk rotation ROM during fast walking speed.
There is low to high quality of evidence that older adults walk with less pelvic rotation ROM in comfortable and fast walking speeds, and less trunk rotation ROM during fast walking speed.
Qualitative and mixed methods approaches are commonly used to understand participants' interactions with real-world settings and can help health services researchers to obtain realistic details about patients' health behaviors. However, interviews do not easily capture data about how patients perform health-related behaviors that are not part of their daily routine. A scenario-based approach is one method that can be used prospectively to explore how patients make decisions about their health-related behaviors. This approach is comprised of a set of small tailored probable circumstances with equally plausible situations, and are presented as narrative descriptions. To understand how older adults, a group at high-risk for OTC misuse, select over-the-counter (OTC) medication qualitative methods can be used.

This study describes a scenario-based hybrid approach that included a simulation exercise and a situational interview to understand how older adults first select and then take OTC medication.

The scenaon or accurately recalled using retrospective interviewing.
We aimed to predict the duration needed to achieve culture negativity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and chest radiography.

Medical records were searched for eligible patients with culture-confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to the training dataset group (N=180) and the validation dataset group (N=59). Posteroanterior X-ray radiographs in the standing position were obtained at diagnosis. The image data were augmented by a factor of 10 by randomly shifting and rotating the original image. Thus, 1800 images (112×112 pixels, 8-bit grayscale) from 180 patients in the training dataset group were used for training the CNN model. The model performance was evaluated on the validation dataset.

The values predicted by the CNN model were significantly associated with the actual values (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.392, p=0.002). icFSP1 supplier The mean absolute error was 18.0. The visualization of the layer outputs suggested that the CNN model recognized some of the chest radiographic findings that were useful in predicting the duration needed to achieve culture negativity.

The CNN model was useful for predicting the duration needed to achieve culture negativity in active pulmonary tuberculosis, although the accuracy was unsatisfactory. This study suggests that chest radiography findings are as important as other clinical factors for prediction and could be learned by the machine.
The CNN model was useful for predicting the duration needed to achieve culture negativity in active pulmonary tuberculosis, although the accuracy was unsatisfactory. This study suggests that chest radiography findings are as important as other clinical factors for prediction and could be learned by the machine.
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