Notes

The electronically paired master signal makes it possible for engine advancement through proprioceptive feedback throughout Drosophila embryos.
1%) using antibiotics. Conclusions This study shows poor knowledge and massive misuse of antibiotics among medical students in Mali. Promoting education on the mechanism of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance and rational antibiotic use among medical students should be a priority in the medical school curriculum.Adaptive expertise encompasses efficiency and innovation; however little is known about the state of research of adaptive expertise in medical education. Our scoping review summarizes existing evidence in the conceptual frameworks, development, and measurement for adaptive expertise. We searched Pubmed, MEDLINE, ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO for original research articles published from 1986 onwards in English. Given the heterogeneity of the studies, no quantitative syntheses were conducted and the articles were summarized qualitatively. Of the 48 articles that met inclusion criteria, 19 examined conceptual frameworks, 24 explored interventions supporting development and 5 examined measurement. Conceptual frameworks are consistent within and beyond health professions education. Factors influencing development include predisposing factors such as knowledge (ability to integrate knowledge and innovate), beliefs and attitudes (high motivation and humility), enabling factors such as skills (people skills, implementing reflection and scholarly activities), resources such as curricular enablers (providing variability of cases, allowing flexibility to generate solutions, critical appraisal of textbooks) and reinforcing factors such as mentor-guided feedback and constant curricular review. Two validated measurement tools exist for adaptive expertise. Substantial research opportunities exist in studying interventions involving the development of adaptive expertise. Notable gaps exist in the development and validation of measurement tools.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought changes to the way medical care is delivered to keep health workers safe while simultaneously managing available resources. The well-being of patients and healthcare workers is crucial and has become a topic of debate as the world faces adjusts to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, there is need to consider innovative methods of delivering medical care. Telehealth and digital health care which is the provision of medical care via Information Communication Technology (ICT) with highspeed telecommunications systems, has increasingly becoming popular in providing medical care services can be adopted to reduce infections during quarantine and social distancing practices. Belinostat nmr Specifically, by means of document and literature review this paper discusses the role of telehealth and digital care solutions, types and application of telehealth, and current policies for COVID-19. More importantly, findings from the article present the human, infrastructure, and institutional determinants that influence the adoption of telehealth and digital care solutions during the pandemic. The findings discuss how telehealth and digital care technologies can benefit the society. This study provides implications to informs medical staffs on the potential of digital technologies to provide support during and after the pandemic.
Quality of life (QOL) data following pediatric fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are rare. Present study assessed the QOL in neurologically non-impaired children before and after laparoscopic hemifundoplication (LHF) in comparison to healthy controls.

PedsQL™ questionnaires assessed data on gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and general well-being (GWB) were compared in a propensity score-matched analysis (60 patients' pairs for time-point of surgery and 51 for follow-up).

Preoperatively, the LHF group had more GIS (72.2 ± 53.9 vs. 38.8 ± 31.6;
 < 0.001) and a lower GWB (16.7 ± 5.5 vs. 23.8 ± 3.5,
 < 0.001) compared with controls. Postoperatively, GIS decreased significantly (74.3 ± 52.9 vs. 36.3 ± 33.5;
 < 0.001) and the GWB was significantly higher (16.2 ± 6.0 vs. 20.8 ± 5.8;
 < 0.001). GIS were similar in the LHF and control groups (39.1 ± 36.4 vs. 40.1 ± 31.0;
 = 0.885) but GWB was lower in the LHF group than the control group (20.5 ± 6.3 vs. 23.4 ± 3.9;
 = 0.009).

QOL significantly improves after LHF in neurologically non-impaired children.
QOL significantly improves after LHF in neurologically non-impaired children.
Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is an autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by bright blue eyes, hearing loss, and depigmented patches of hair and skin. It exhibits high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. We explored the molecular etiology in a Chinese family with WS2.

We recruited a three-generation family with three affected members. Medical history was obtained from all family members who underwent detailed physical examinations and audiology tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of each individual, and 139 candidate genes associated with hearing loss were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and verified by Sanger sequencing.

Genetic evaluation revealed a novel nonsense heterozygous variant, NM_006941.4 c.342G>A (p.Trp114Ter) in exon 2 of the
gene in the three affected patients; no unaffected family member carried the variation. We did not detect the variation in 500 Chinese individuals with normal hearing or in 122 unrelated Chinese families with hearing loss, suggesting that it was specific to our patients.

We identified a novel heterozygous nonsense variation in a family with syndromic hearing loss and WS2. Our findings expand the pathogenic spectrum and strengthen the clinical diagnostic role of
in patients with WS2.
We identified a novel heterozygous nonsense variation in a family with syndromic hearing loss and WS2. Our findings expand the pathogenic spectrum and strengthen the clinical diagnostic role of SOX10 in patients with WS2.
To investigate the inter-observer reliability of ultrasound (US) measurement in volume and volume reduction rate (VRR) of benign thyroid nodules during the follow-up of radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

This retrospective study evaluated 76 patients with 88 benign thyroid nodules who underwent RFA. Two independent observers performed the US measurements during the same follow-up visit. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the inter-observer reliability of volume and VRR (logarithmic transformation). The mean difference and 95% limits-of-agreement (LOA) were obtained after antilogarithm.

No significant differences were found in the volume and VRR measurements during a mean follow-up time of 35.52 ± 12.82months. After antilogarithms, the mean difference of volume was 0.9961, 0.9987, 1.0016, 0.9972, 0.9977 and 0.9969 at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36months, respectively. The 95% LOA of volume became wider over the follow-up period, and the largest one was between 0.8471 and 1.1733 at 36months. The 95% LOA of VRR became narrower over the follow-up period, and the largest one was between 0.
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