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The COVID-19 pandemic cancelled virtually all pediatric surgery activity, which caused treatment delays in severe pathologies and increased morbidity in regular urgent procedures.
The COVID-19 pandemic cancelled virtually all pediatric surgery activity, which caused treatment delays in severe pathologies and increased morbidity in regular urgent procedures.
The primary objective was to describe the characteristics and demographics of the surgical procedures carried out at a tertiary hospital during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The secondary objective was to study the impact of the pandemic on the acute appendicitis cases treated at our healthcare facility and to compare them with a pre- SARS-CoV-2 period.

A retrospective study of all patients undergoing surgery at the pediatric surgery department in the pandemic period, from the beginning of the state of emergency in Spain until the first restrictions were removed, was conducted.

A total of 61 patients underwent surgery in 58 days vs. 406 patients in the same 2019 period (p < 0.00001). 59.01% of surgeries were urgent. 5.1% of patients had a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test. 30 different procedures were carried out, with appendectomy being the most frequent one (n = 13, 19.6% of patients). 61.5% of appendicitis cases were complicated vs. 42.4% in the non-COVID period (p = 0.17). Surgical approach was open in 46.1% of patients vs. 6.1% in the non-COVID period (p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of complication rate or hospital stay.

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a significant decrease in the number of daily procedures was noted, with more than half being urgent. Appendicular pathologies were in a more advanced stage than usual, with a clear trend towards open surgery vs. laparoscopy.
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a significant decrease in the number of daily procedures was noted, with more than half being urgent. Appendicular pathologies were in a more advanced stage than usual, with a clear trend towards open surgery vs. laparoscopy.
Laparoscopic learning curves are slow, and there are no uniform surgical skill acquisition models. Therefore, our objective was to assess a laparoscopic skill learning program in individuals without any surgical experience, analyzing the learning curve by means of a certified custom-made simulator, and evaluating whether previous surgical experience had an impact on the learning curve.

A certified custom-made simulator and laparoscopic instruments were used to assess 20 university students who performed 10 repetitions of 3 exercises of growing difficulty (eye-hand coordination, hand-hand coordination, and cutting). Three parameters were analyzed total time with each hand, total mistakes with each hand, and three items of the OSATS technical skill scale. The two first exercises were compared with a group of 14 experienced surgeons. Retatrutide Statistical analysis using repeated-measures Anova and Student's t-test was carried out (p < 0.05).

Significant time improvement with each repetition was demonstrated in ther.
Orchiectomy is the most widely used surgical technique in testicular tumors (TT). However, according to tumor size, tumor markers, and histology, tumorectomy can be considered as the technique of choice, since these tumors are mostly benign. We present our experience with conservative surgery.

A retrospective study of 21 TT cases in 19 patients under 14 years of age treated in our healthcare facility from 1998 to 2018 was carried out. The following variables were analyzed age, laterality, histological type, evolution, presence or absence of recurrence, and ultrasound and analytical follow-up. The therapeutic attitude used was reviewed while assessing the possibility of testicular preservation in selected patients.

Conservative surgery was performed in 9 TT cases in 7 patients (2 bilateral cases). Mean age was 6 years (0-13 years). 86% of cases started as an asymptomatic scrotal mass. No significant differences were found in terms of laterality. Tumor markers were negative before and after surgery, except in an infant with high alpha-fetoprotein, which was normalized in the postoperative period. The histological study diagnosed 7 stromal TTs (three Leydig cell stromal TTs, one bilateral Sertoli cell stromal TT, one hamartoma, and one fibroma) and 2 germ cell TTs (bilateral epidermoid cyst). Evolution was favorable in all cases, without clinical or ultrasound recurrence.

Conservative surgery of the testicular parenchyma using tumorectomy can be the first therapeutic option in benign tumors and in selected patients with bilateral tumor, since it allows future hormonal and reproductive function to be preserved.
Conservative surgery of the testicular parenchyma using tumorectomy can be the first therapeutic option in benign tumors and in selected patients with bilateral tumor, since it allows future hormonal and reproductive function to be preserved.
Even though thyroid surgery is rare in pediatric patients, frequency has increased in the last years. The objective of this study was to analyze the causes and results of these procedures in a pediatric surgical facility.

Retrospective study including all patients requiring thyroid surgery in our department from 2000 to 2019. Demographic data, diagnostic data, associated pathology, type of surgical procedure, pathological results, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.

47 patients with a mean age of 8.9 ± 3.9 years at surgery were included. The most frequent diagnosis was MEN syndrome (n = 30, 29 MEN 2A and 1 MEN 2B), followed by thyroid papillary carcinoma (n = 5), follicular adenoma (n = 5), multinodular goiter (n = 4), follicular carcinoma (n = 1), thyroglossal duct papillary carcinoma (n = 1), and Graves-Basedow syndrome (n = 1). 38 total thyroidectomies (73.7% of which were prophylactic), 3 double hemithyroidectomies, 5 hemithyroidectomies, and 5 lymphadenectomies were performed. No intraoperative complications or recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions were noted. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.3 ± 0.6 days. 7 patients had transitory asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism, and 1 patient had persistent symptomatic hypoparathyroidism. Pathological results of prophylactic thyroidectomies were 18 C cell hyperplasias, 7 microcarcinomas, and 3 cases without histopathological disorders.

Thyroid surgery in pediatric patients is safe if performed by specialized personnel. Even though it remains rare, frequency has increased in the last years.
Thyroid surgery in pediatric patients is safe if performed by specialized personnel. Even though it remains rare, frequency has increased in the last years.
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