Notes

A double-tetrahedral Genetic framework centered electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive recognition as well as discharge of circulating tumour cellular material.
© 2020 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.Laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers is widely performed in patients with cervical myelopathy. However, spacer dislocation is a critical complication caused by bone absorption and inadequate bone conductivity, and can result in dural damage and restenosis. We thus designed a prospective cohort study to clarify the feasibility of increased porosity HA spacers for double-door laminoplasty by analyzing computed tomography (CT) images. Forty-seven patients underwent cervical laminoplasty. Two different types of CERATITE HA spacer were used, either high porosity (50%) or low porosity (35%). These HA spacers were placed in an alternating manner into the laminae in each patient. In total, 85 high-porosity (50%) HA spacers and 84 low-porosity (35%) HA spacers were implanted. At postoperative 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, CT images were obtained. In both groups, the percentage of bone-bonding boundary area of the HA spacer in contact with laminae and bone volume of the spinous process relative to l, extended postoperative follow-up. © 2020 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.Adverse clinical outcomes for total disc arthroplasty (TDA), including subsidence, heterotopic ossification, and adjacent-level vertebral fracture, suggest problems with the underlying biomechanics. To gain insight, we investigated the role of size and stiffness of TDA implants on load-transfer within a vertebral body. Uniquely, we accounted for the realistic multi-scale geometric features of the trabecular micro-architecture and cortical shell. Using voxel-based finite element analysis derived from a micro-computed tomography scan of one human L1 vertebral body (74-μm-sized elements), a series of generic elliptically shaped implants were analyzed. We parametrically modeled three implant sizes (small, medium [a typical clinical size], and large) and three implant materials (metallic, E = 100 GPa; polymeric, E = 1 GPa; and tissue-engineered, E = 0.01 GPa). Analyses were run for two load cases 800 N in uniform compression and flexion-induced anterior impingement. click here Results were compared to those of an intact modeease stress in local regions and may therefore be one factor driving subsidence in vivo. © 2020 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.Vertebroplasty has been widely used for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures but the efficacy of the technique has been questioned by the outcomes of randomized clinical trials. Finite-element (FE) models allow an investigation into the structural and geometric variation that affect the response to augmentation. However, current specimen-specific FE models are limited due to their poor reproduction of cement augmentation behavior. The aims of this study were to develop new methods of modeling the vertebral body in both a nonaugmented and augmented state. Experimental tests were conducted using human lumbar spine vertebral specimens. These tests included micro-computed tomography imaging, mechanical testing, augmentation with cement, reimaging, and retesting. Specimen-specific FE models of the vertebrae were made comparing different approaches to capturing the bone material properties and to modeling the cement augmentation region. These methods significantly improved the modeling accuracy of nonaugmented vertebrae. Methods that used the registration of multiple images (pre- and post-augmentation) of a vertebra achieved good agreement between augmented models and their experimental counterparts in terms of predictions of stiffness. Such models allow for further investigation into how vertebral variation influences the mechanical outcomes of vertebroplasty. © 2020 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main contributor to low back pain, which is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of IDD, fundamental and long-lasting treatments for IDD are still lacking. With increased understanding of the complex pathomechanism of IDD, alternative strategies for treating IDD can be discovered. A brief overview of the prevalence and epidemiologic risk factors of IDD is provided in this review, followed by the descriptions of anatomic, cellular, and molecular structure of the intervertebral disc as well as the molecular pathophysiology of IDD. Finally, the recent findings of intervertebral disc progenitors are reviewed and the future perspectives are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.Tissue engineering repair of annulus fibrosus (AF) defects has the potential to prevent disability and pain from intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation and its progression to degeneration. Clinical translation of AF repair methods requires assessment in long-term large animal models. An ovine AF injury model was developed using cervical spinal levels and a biopsy-type AF defect to assess composite tissue engineering repair in 1-month and 12-month studies. The repair used a fibrin hydrogel crosslinked with genipin (FibGen) to seal defects, poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) scaffolds to replace lost AF tissue, and polyurethane membranes to prevent herniation. In the 1-month study, PTMC scaffolds sealed with FibGen herniated with polyurethane membranes. When applied alone, FibGen integrated with the surrounding AF tissue without herniation, showing promise for long-term studies. The 12-month long-term study used only FibGen which showed fibrous healing, biomaterial resorption and no obvious hydrogel-related computhors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.Spontaneous degeneration of an intervertebral disc is caused by inflammation that accompanies exposure of the avascular nucleus pulposus to circulation, triggering an autoimmune inflammatory reaction. Both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of IVD regulation by various cytokines are involved in disc degeneration and spontaneous hernia resorption through inflammatory responses. The major goal of this narrative review was to assemble our past findings about the potential role of cytokines in disc diseases and to clarify directions for future research. A member of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) superfamily, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is constitutively expressed in the intervertebral disc, and induces a chronic, but relatively weak inflammatory response, thereby suppressing the formation of cartilage matrix and inducing production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previously we indicated that TWEAK is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting the production of cartilage matrix in the intervertebral disc, and inducing the further expression of MMP-3.
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