Notes

Usage of non-invasive stimulation in movement problems: an important evaluate.
In conclusion, the produced DMP buccal film formulation showed high absorption rate, rapid onset of action, and improved bioavailability compared with the conventional tablet. Our findings may support the development of novel dosage forms for the transmucosal delivery of DMP for convenient, rapid, and effective treatment of nausea and vomiting. © 2020 The Author(s).In the last decade, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of biodegradable polymeric materials as potential drug delivery carriers. However, bioavailability and drug release at the disease site remain uncontrollable even with the use of polymeric nanocarriers. To address this issue, successful methodologies have been developed to synthesize polymeric nanocarriers incorporated with regions exhibiting a response to stimuli such as redox potential, temperature, pH, and light. The resultant stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have shown tremendous promise in drug delivery applications, owing to their ability to enhance the bioavailability of drugs at the disease site. In such systems, drug release is controlled in response to specific stimuli, either exogenous or endogenous. This review reports recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery in cancer therapy. In particular, the synthetic methodologies investigated to date to introduce different types of stimuli-responsive elements within the biomaterials are described. The sufficient understanding of these stimuli-responsive nanocarriers will allow the development of a better drug delivery system that will allow us to solve the challenges encountered in targeted cancer therapy. © 2020 The Author(s).In this study, a series of synthesized 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin derivatives as a potential antiproliferative and antimigratory agents were investigated. The possible antitumor mechanisms of investigated hydantoin derivatives were examined on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The cells were treated with different concentrations of compounds (from 0.01 µM to 100 µM) during 24 h and 72 h. The proliferation index, nitric oxide production, apoptosis rate, and migration capacity were measured. The cell invasion potential was examined by measuring the level of MMP-9 and COX-2 gene expression. All tested compounds expressed antiproliferative activity and induced dose- and time-dependent increase in the level of nitrites. The investigated molecules significantly decreased cell survival rate, migration capacity and the expression levels of genes included in the process of tumor invasion. Obtained data suggest that the tested hydantoin derivatives express considerable antitumor activity by reducing cell division rate, elevating apoptosis level, and inhibiting the motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The results obtained in this study indicate that investigated compounds express potential as a novel chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer growth and progression. © 2020 The Author(s).Polyphenols has attained pronounced attention due to their beneficial values of health and found to prevent several chronic diseases. Here, we elucidated binding mechanism between frequently consumed polyphenol "tea catechin" and milk protein bovine beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). We investigated the conformational changes of β-Lg due to interaction with catechin using spectroscopic and in silico studies. Fluorescence quenching data (Stern-Volmer quenching constant) revealed that β-Lg interacted with catechin via dynamic quenching. Thermodynamic data revealed that the interaction between β-Lg and catechin is endothermic and spontaneously interacted mainly through hydrophobic interactions. The UV-Vis absorption and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy exhibited that the tertiary as well as secondary structure of β-Lg distorted after interaction with catechin. Molecular docking and simulation studies also confirm that catechin binds at the central cavity of β-Lg with high affinity (~105 M-1) and hydrophobic interactions play significant role in the formation of a stable β-Lg-catechin complex. © 2020 The Author(s).Background Drug dispensing is the major function of community pharmacists, the pharmacists should have the ability to counsel the patients and be aware of dispensing errors. Self- medication is a universal phenomenon that is widely practiced in developing countries and it may lead to irrational usage of drugs. Objectives The objectives of this study were identifying the factors that associated with dispensing errors and how to minimize them and identifying patients' reasons for self-medication, drugs purchased as Over-The-Counter drugs, patients' source of drug information. Methods A cross-sectional survey of a stratified random sample of three hundred registered community pharmacists in all Jordanian regions (north, middle and south). Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software version 17.0. Results The majority of respondents were female (72.7%). Poor doctor's handwritten prescription was the major identified factor that associates with despising errors (3.78 out of 5) and improving doctor handwritten or using printed prescription was the most appreciated factor in reducing these errors (4.62 out of 5). Regarding community pharmacists' opinions toward self-medication practice, the majority said that it is not acceptable (4.12 out of 5) and most of the time it leads to bad sequences. Financial problem was the major reason behind self-medication (4.72 out of 5), analgesics/antipyretics were most drug groups that dispensed as OTC drugs (4.85 out of 5) and the pharmacists were a major source of patient' drug information. Conclusion Drugs dispensing errors and self-medication practices are widespread in Jordan and they should be regulated and restricted throughout applying strong policies and laws. They should be strictly enforced among pharmacies and there is a great responsibility to increase community awareness regarding appropriate drugs using. © 2020 The Author.The first taxonomic treatment of the smut fungi in Greenland is provided. A total of 43 species in 11 genera are treated and illustrated by photographs of sori, microphotographs of spores in LM and SEM, and distribution maps. Two species, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae and Urocystis tothii, are recorded as new from North America. Thirteen species, Anthracoidea altera, A. capillaris, A. selleck compound limosa, A. liroi, A. pseudofoetidae, A. scirpoideae, A. turfosa, Microbotryum lagerheimii, M. stellariae, Schizonella elynae, Stegocintractia luzulae, Urocystis fischeri, and U. tothii, are reported for the first time from Greenland. Three new fungus-host combinations, Anthracoidea capillaris on Carex boecheriana, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae on Carex maritima, and Urocystis tothii on Juncus biglumis, are given. Five plant species are reported as new hosts of smut fungi in Greenland, namely, Carex nigra for Anthracoidea heterospora, C. canescens for Anthracoidea karii, C. fuliginosa subsp. misandra for Anthracoidea misandrae, C. maritima for Orphanomyces arcticus, and C.
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