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The caries progression was calculated with micro-CT and was statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and the Tukey HDS post-hoc test. Results 1) The infiltration rate of OS750 was 101.83% ± 8.66 (Min 90.10%, Max 133.94%). 2) The average of sensitivity and specificity in vitro setting experiments were 86.7% ± 4.4% and 70% ± 11%, respectively. The average of area under the ROC curves (AUC) was 0.883 ± 0.059 indicating excellent performance. 3) The mean sensitivity and specificity in ex vivo setting was 82.97% ± 15% and 76.78% ± 13.27% respectively. 4) The carious lesion volume treated by Etidronate was significantly smaller at post treatment-1 (p less then 0.05) and treatment-2 (p less then 0.01) than the control. There was no significant difference in lesion volume in the Etidronate and NaF group at the time point of post treatment-1. Conclusion This study suggests that bisphosphonates contribute to both early diagnosis of enamel caries and inhibition of caries progression.Aims IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. We conducted this study to explore the relationship between serum bilirubin and renal outcome of patients with IgAN. Methods A total of 1492 biopsy proven IgAN patients were recruited and divided into two groups according to their median serum bilirubin concentration the low bilirubin group (serum bilirubin≤9.7umol/L, n=753) and high bilirubin group (serum bilirubin>9.7umol/L, n=739). Basic clinical characteristics were assessed at the time of renal biopsy and the relationships between serum bilirubin and the combined endpoints were analyzed. The combined endpoints were defined as a 50% decline in estimate glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), renal transplantation and/or death. In addition, propensity score matching (PSM) was then performed to improve balance and simulate randomization between patients in different groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to explore the role of serunmatched and matched cohort. Conclusion Serum bilirubin level may be negatively associated with the progression of IgAN.Background The ganglion impar (ganglion of Walther) block has been used to manage coccygeal and perineal (perianal and genital) pain due to both benign and malignant causes. However, the factors associated with successful responses to ganglion impar block are unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to identify the independent factors associated with successful responses to ganglion impar block in patients with chronic pain in coccygeal and perineal regions. Methods From January 2008 to December 2017, we performed a retrospective review of 106 patients who underwent ganglion impar block. Patients were considered successful responders if they reported a decrease of more than 50% or 4 points on the 11-point (0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) numerical rating scale 1 month after the procedure, while others were considered non-responders. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with successful responses at 1 month after the procedure. Results Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that cancer-related causes were significantly associated with successful responses at 1 month after ganglion impar block (odds ratio = 2.60, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 6.43, P = 0.038). Conclusion Ganglion impar block may be more effective in cancer-related pain than pain due to benign causes.A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate patterns of gray matter changes in cognitively normal elderly adults with mild behavioral impairment (MBI). Sixteen MBI patients and 18 healthy controls were selected. All the participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment battery, including the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Chinese version of the mild behavioral impairment-checklist scale (MBI-C), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. selleck kinase inhibitor Imaging data was analyzed based on voxel-based morphometry (VBM). There was no significant difference in age, gender, MMSE score, total intracranial volume, white matter hyperdensity, gray matter volume, white matter volume between the two groups (p > 0.05). MBI group had shorter education years and higher MBI-C score, GDS and SAS scores than the normal control group (p less then 0.05). For neuroimaging analysis, compared to the normal control group, the MBI group showed decreased volume in the left brainstem, right temporal transverse gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right occipital pole, right thalamus, left precentral gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus(uncorrected p less then 0.001). The grey matter regions correlated with the MBI-C score included the left postcentral gyrus, right exterior cerebellum, and left superior frontal gyrus. This suggests a link between MBI and decreased grey matter volume in cognitively normal elderly adults. Atrophy in the left frontal cortex and right thalamus in MBI patients is in line with frontal-subcortical circuit deficits, which have been linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia. These initial results imply that MBI might be an early harbinger for subsequent cognitive decline and dementia.Traditional drugs are facing bottlenecks of lower solubility, absorption, and especially the inefficient organs or cells targeting during the precision medicine era. It is urgently needed to discover and establish new methods or strategies to modify old drugs or create new ones against the above defects. With the support of nanotechnology, the solubility, absorption and targeting of traditional drugs were greatly improved by modifying and fabricating with various types of nanoparticles to some extent, though many shortages remain. In this mini-review we will focus on advances in several most commonly used nanoparticles, from their nature and design, to drug delivery system and clinical application, that they overcome heterogeneous barriers in precision medicine, thereby ultimately improve patient outcome overall.
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