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Postoperative problems along with fatality subsequent emergency intestinal surgical treatment during the COVID-19 outbreak: The multicenter collaborative retrospective cohort study method (COVID-CIR).
Background Many patients who have aortic stenosis and are transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) candidates have underwent prior cardiac surgery (PCS). The aim of this study was to provide a robust summary comparison between patients with PCS who underwent TAVR vs. surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published articles on PubMed/Medline, Ovid, EMBASE, and Scopus from 2002 to 2019. Results A total of 13 studies were finally included, yielding a total of 23,148 participants. There was no statistical difference with 30-day [OR 1.02 (0.86-1.21)] or 1-year mortality [OR 1.18 (0.86-1.61)] between the two groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that high-risk patients who underwent TAVR with the transapical approach were associated with increased risk of mortality [OR 1.45 (1.00-2.11)]. However, those who underwent TAVR with endovascular approach had a comparable outcome with SAVR. Conclusions Primary outcomes after endovascular TAVR were similar to those with SAVR and superior to transapical TAVR treatment group in patients with PCS.The development of soft hands is an important progress to empower robotic grasping with passive compliance while greatly decreasing the complexity of control. Despite the advances during the past decades, it is still not clear how to design optimal hands or fingers given the task requirements. In this paper, we propose a framework to learn the optimal design parameter for a fin-ray finger in order to achieve stable grasping. First, the pseudo-kinematics of the soft finger is learned in simulation. Second, the task constraints are encoded as a combination of desired grasping force and the empirical grasping quality function in terms of winding number. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated with experiments in simulation and using real-world examples as well.The discovery that the stiffness of the tumor microenvironment (TME) changes during cancer progression motivated the development of cell culture involving extracellular mechanostimuli, with the intent of identifying mechanotransduction mechanisms that influence cell phenotypes. Collagen I is a main extracellular matrix (ECM) component used to study mechanotransduction in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. There are also models with interstitial fluid stress that have been mostly focusing on the migration of invasive cells. We argue that a major step for the culture of tumors is to integrate increased ECM stiffness and fluid movement characteristic of the TME. Mechanotransduction is based on the principles of tensegrity and dynamic reciprocity, which requires measuring not only biochemical changes, but also physical changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. Most techniques available for cellular rheology were developed for a 2D, flat cell culture world, hence hampering studies requiring proper cellular architecture that, itself, depends on 3D tissue organization. New and adapted measuring techniques for 3D cell culture will be worthwhile to study the apparent increase in physical plasticity of cancer cells with disease progression. Finally, evidence of the physical heterogeneity of the TME, in terms of ECM composition and stiffness and of fluid flow, calls for the investigation of its impact on the cellular heterogeneity proposed to control tumor phenotypes. Reproducing, measuring and controlling TME heterogeneity should stimulate collaborative efforts between biologists and engineers. Studying cancers in well-tuned 3D cell culture platforms is paramount to bring mechanomedicine into the realm of oncology.Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers. Although the present molecular classification improves the treatment effect and prognosis of breast cancer, the heterogeneity of the molecular subtype remains very complex, and the applicability and effectiveness of treatment methods are still limited leading to poorer patient prognosis than expected. Further identification of more refined molecular typing based on gene expression profile will yield better understanding of the heterogeneity, improving treatment effects and prolonging prognosis of patients. Here, we downloaded the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of patients with breast cancer from public databases and performed typical molecular typing using PAM50 (Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50) method. Comparative analyses were performed to screen the common and specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cancer and corresponding para-cancerous tissues in each breast cancer subtype. The GO and KEGG analyses of the DEGs were performed to enrich the common and specific functional progress and signaling pathway involved in breast cancer subtypes. A total of 38 key common and specific DEGs were identified and selected based on the validated results, GO/KEGG enrichments, and the priority of expression, including four common DEGs and 34 specific DEGs in different subtypes. The prognostic value of these key common and specific DEGs was further analyzed to obtain useful potential markers in clinic. Finally, the potential roles and the specific prognostic values of the common and specific DEGs were speculated and summarized in total breast cancer and different subtype breast cancer based on the results of these analyses. The findings of our study provide the basis of more refined molecular typing of breast cancer, potential new therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for different breast cancer subtypes.Cardiovascular disease is the main disease that affects human life span. selleck chemical In recent years, the disease has been increasingly addressed at the molecular levels, for example, pseudogenes are now known to be involved in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Pseudogenes are non-coding homologs of protein-coding genes and were once called "junk gene." Since they are highly homologous to their functional parental genes, it is somewhat difficult to distinguish them. With the development of sequencing technology and bioinformatics, pseudogenes have become readily identifiable. Recent studies indicate that pseudogenes are closely related to cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an overview of pseudogenes and their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This new knowledge adds to our understanding of cardiovascular disease at the molecular level and will help develop new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches designed to prevent and treat the disease.
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