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In this study, we present the clinicopathologic features of fifteen myelolipomatous adrenal adenomas, the largest series published thus far.Colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) accounts for 15-18 % of all CRCs and represents the category with the best prognosis. This study aimed at determining any possible clinical/pathological features associated with a higher risk of nodal metastasization in MSI-CRC, and at defining any possible prognostic moderators in this setting. All surgically resected CRCs of the last 20 years (mono-institutional series) with a PCR-based diagnosis of MSI, with and without nodal metastasis, have been retrieved for histological review, which was performed following WHO guidelines. Furthermore, the most important prognostic moderators have been investigated with a survival analysis. The study of 33 cases of MSI-CRCs with nodal metastasis highlighted a high fidelity of histology maintenance between primary tumors and matched nodal metastases. At survival analysis, the strongest prognostic variable in MSI-CRCs with nodal metastasis was the extranodal extension (multivariate analysis, HR 14.4, 95 %CI 1.46-140.9, p = 0.022). Furthermore, through a comparison between nodal positive (33 cases) and nodal negative (71 cases) MSI-CRCs, right-sided location (p less then 0.0001), pT4 stage (p = 0.0004) and signet-ring histology (p = 0.0089) emerged as parameters more commonly associated with nodal metastasization. These findings shed new light on the biology of MSI-CRC and can be of help for the prognostic stratification of MSI-CRC patients.The widely used treatment of early onset scoliosis based on fusionless spinal instrumentation with growing rods suffers from severe complications due to premature rod failure. Only few studies have explored the fracture mechanisms in single rod constructs, while clinical practice urgently needs guidance. The objectives of this study are (i) to determine the failure mechanisms in Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Ti Cp 2 and Co-Cr alloy rods, and (ii) to propose strategies to reduce the risk of rod fracture. For this purpose, seven rods from three patients treated for early onset scoliosis were characterized by preoperative, pre-fracture X-rays and after-fracture X-rays. PF-8380 supplier Fracture surface analysis, performed using scanning electron microscopy, revealed similar failure mechanisms for all rods, independent of composition and diameter. Fracture is caused by fatigue, associated to repeated bending action in the anteroposterior direction. Cracking initiates at multiple sites. Three-point bending fatigue tests on Ti-6Al-4V bent rods confirmed the fracture scenario. A beam bending model indicates that the failure process is controlled by the combination of cyclic vertical and horizontal forces with amplitudes from 200 N to 400 N and from 70 N to 150 N, respectively. Strategies to minimize fracture involve adaptations of material properties and rod geometry to scoliosis characteristics, including sagittal alignment, and spine behavior.Our goal was to evaluate phytochemical characterization and the antitumor potential of Calotropis procera. The phytochemical constitution of the crude extract (CE) revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and cardenolide. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CE, methanolic (MF) and ethyl acetate fractions (EAF) of C. procera in canine osteosarcoma cells (OST), canine mammary tumor (CMT), and canine skin fibroblasts (non-tumor cell). Doxorubicin was also used as a positive control. Results showed that CE, MF and EAF promoted a decrease in the viability of OST and CMT cells and did not alter the fibroblasts viability. C. procera also decreased the number of cells, corroborating to the decrease in proliferation and the cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. It was also evaluated the cell morphology by light and fluorescence microscopy, being demonstrated a reduction in cytoplasmic and cell rounding characteristic of programmed cell death. Moreover, flow cytometry data demonstrated that CE treatment promoted increase of caspase-3 and p53, showing that the cell death was activated in OST cells. In addition, there was a decrease in CD31, VEGF, osteopontin and TGF-β after CE treatment, suggesting that CE exerts its antitumor effect by reducing angiogenesis and tumor progression in OST cells. Moreover, CMT cells showed a reduction in PCNA after treatment with MF and CE. Analyzing the data together, C. procera, especially CE, showed an antitumor potential in both OST and CMT cells, encouraging us to continue investigating its use in cancer therapy.
Numerous studies have demonstrated evidence of obesity bias in healthcare settings, however, little is known about obesity bias in the Emergency Department (ED). The objective of this study was to investigate obesity bias in an ED setting by assessing the association between body mass index (BMI) and door-to-room (DTR) or door-to-provider (DTP) times among ED patients.
We conducted an observational cohort study of all adult patient (age ≥ 18 years of age) visits to 21 Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic Health System EDs between November 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020. We compared DTR and DTP times based on BMI category.
We found that median DTR and DTP times for adults with class 3 obesity are significantly shorter than patients in the normal weight category. For men with class 3 obesity, median DTR and DTP times were 7.5% and 5.4% shorter than men in the normal weight category. Relative to women in the normal weight category, the median DTR and DTP times were 4.6% and 3.8% faster for women in obesity class 1, 4.9% and 5.1% faster for women in obesity class 2, and DTR was 4.4% faster for women in obesity class 3. These percentage differences translated to slightly shorter wait times of 0.4-1.2 min compared to median wait times for patients with normal BMI.
We did not find evidence of longer wait times experienced by people with obesity. Rather, patients with obesity often experienced wait times that were shorter than patients of normal weight.
We did not find evidence of longer wait times experienced by people with obesity. Rather, patients with obesity often experienced wait times that were shorter than patients of normal weight.
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