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Moreover, the scoring of 442 cultivars using the TSCWK method indicated that most cultivars from the Huanghuai valley were susceptible to R. cerealis, suggesting an urgent need to improve sharp eyespot resistance in this region. Additionally, the relative resistance index of sharp eyespot decreased in the surveyed cultivars of the region with time. This study offers a rapid and effective approach for the identification of wheat sharp eyespot resistance and provides valuable germplasm for improving sharp eyespot resistance in wheat breeding.Aim We investigated cost effectiveness of benralizumab vs. standard of care (SOC) plus oral corticosteroids (OCS) for patients with severe, eosinophilic OCS-dependent asthma in Sweden.Materials and Methods A three-state, cohort-based Markov model of data from three Phase III benralizumab clinical trials (ZONDA [NCT02075255], SIROCCO [NCT01928771], and CALIMA [NCT01914757]) was used to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of benralizumab vs. SOC plus OCS. Health outcomes were estimated in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The model included costs and disutilities associated with extrapolated OCS-related adverse events. Patients with severe asthma were defined as those receiving OCS ≥5 mg/day.Results Benralizumab demonstrated a cost-effectiveness ratio vs. SOC plus OCS of 2018 Swedish Kronor (SEK) 366,855 (€34,127) per QALY gained, based on increases of 1.33 QALYs and SEK 488,742 (€45,344) per patient. Benralizumab treatment costs contributed most to incremental costs. The probability of benralizumab's being cost-effective with willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds between SEK 429,972 (€40,000) and SEK 752,452 (€70,000) ranged from 75% to 99%.Limitations Potential limitations of these analyses include the use of combined data from three different clinical trials, a one-way sensitivity analysis that did not include mortality and transition estimates, and Observational & Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI) data from the U.K. as a proxy of the Swedish health care system.Conclusions The results of these analyses demonstrate that benralizumab has a high probability of being cost-effective compared with SOC plus OCS for a subgroup of patients with severe, eosinophilic asthma receiving regular OCS treatment and may support clinicians, payers and patients in making treatment decisions.This study was aimed to establish a highly specific and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for diagnosing avian infectious laryngotracheitis (AILT). DNA was extracted from isolated infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) strains and control samples, followed by PCR using three sets of six specific primers. The detection efficiency of the LAMP assay was evaluated by the turbidity and calcein methods. The sensitivity of LAMP was then assessed using a concentration gradient followed by a specificity analysis. Furthermore, the detection efficiency of LAMP and PCR was compared. Finally, a clinical test was performed to evaluate the value of the LAMP assay. The optimal temperature for the LAMP reaction was 66 °C. Meanwhile, the primers selected for the LAMP assay were highly specific for the target virus. The sensitivity of the turbidity and calcein methods for LAMP was consistent. The minimum detection concentration of LAMP was 0.06 pg/μL, which was 100-fold higher than that of PCR. Furthermore, the results from clinical samples showed that the LAMP method could identify AILT from many samples. The newly designed LAMP assay was an effective method for AILT detection at an optimal temperature of 66 °C with a minimum detection concentration of 0.06 pg/µL.Introduction Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) have received attention as an emerging public health threat, are difficult to diagnose and to treat, and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. AZD-5153 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic The standard of care in IFD management requires an early and targeted antifungal treatment, hence covers - amongst others - species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST).Areas covered This review gives an overview of methods currently applied in AFST and highlights promising new tools for shortening the turnaround time focusing on Candida species.Expert opinion The performance of the broth microdilution reference methods for AFST is not suitable for daily laboratory practice as they are too labor-intensive and time-consuming. Other conventional approaches such as disk diffusion assays, epsilometer tests, colorimetric or automated approaches are easier in handling, and in part, show good correlations with the reference methods. Promising results for shortening the turnaround time in providing MIC data or resistance detection include matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) assisted AFST, molecular-based techniques and modified conventional approaches applying direct inoculation methods. These underlying AFST concepts are promising but in part completely different, have their own advantages and disadvantages, and need further clinical validation.Background Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is endemic in temperate waters. Most often encountered as the pathogen in transient gastroenteritis, it can also cause severe soft tissue infections. While normally a rare pathogen in Finland, we observed seven cases of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae infections in Helsinki University Hospital during the hot summer of 2018. Here we present three of these cases with fulminant V. cholerae cellulitis in detail.Methods Patients with tissue culture positive soft tissue infections between 2017 and 2019 were identified using a local laboratory database. Patients with severe infections requiring surgical revision were included in this series.Results Three patients with tissue culture positive non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae cellulitis were identified. All were treated in the summer of 2018 for fulminant lower leg cellulitis. Two patients were febrile and hemodynamically unstable at presentation. One had septicaemia. Surgical revisions were done within the first week of admission, and defects covered with partial-thickness skin grafts several weeks later.
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