Notes

Threat-anticipatory psychophysiological response is superior in youth using anxiety attacks as well as correlates together with prefrontal cortex neuroanatomy.
Peroxidase-like reaction process involving o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and silver nanoprisms in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was monitored using time-resolved ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The oxidation of OPD and etching of silver nanoprisms were investigated by analyzing the dynamic spectral data. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to gain insights into the correlation between catalytic oxidation of OPD and etching of silver nanoprisms. It was found that OPD offered significant protection effect for silver nanoprisms so that morphologies of silver nanoprisms maintained at the beginning period after addition of H2O2. Moreover, silver nanoprisms accelerated the oxidation of OPD by H2O2, demonstrating enzymatic mimicking activity of silver nanoprisms. The combination of time-resolved UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and spectral calculation methods could be used for exploration of complex reaction systems with spectral variations.This work presents a pseudo-operational study on plastic bags for the detection of latent fingermarks with various types of cyanoacrylates, including the two-step process with basic yellow 40 (BY40) staining and one-step fluorescent cyanoacrylates, Lumicyano and Polycyano. The use of longwave reflected UV (LWRUV) was employed as part of sequential development for all processes; however, detected marks were not unique as subsequent BY40 staining detected these marks as well. The use of BY40 in the sequence is very important, as without its inclusion many fingermarks would be missed. The study also investigated the use of a standard glass camera lens for LWRUV imaging and compared observations to a specific crystal quartz lens designed for UV imaging. The standard glass lens was able to detect all the marks detected with the crystal quartz lens. Lumicyano detected the lowest overall number of marks and both one-step fluorescent cyanoacrylate processes yielded less marks when compared to the two-step process; however, the use of BY40 after Lumicyano and Polycyano resulted in an increase of detected fingermarks. The use of BY40 did not have a major detrimental effect on subsequent LWRUV imaging, although there was no added evidential value.Despite Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory announcing the discontinuation of bullet lead examinations, knowledge of the composition of the bullets has been used as an alternative means of identifying their origin, achieving success in some case studies. click here In this work, wavelength dispersion X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometrics were used for the analysis of rifle bullets, in order to identify the spectral similarities of these samples. For this purpose, 54 lead core fragments from 7.62 mm rifle bullets from 5 different manufacturers were obtained Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos (CBC), Israel Military Industries (IMI), Federal Cartridge (FC), Fray Luiz Beltrán (FLB) and Zavod Vlasim (ZV). Principal components analysis (PCA) discriminated the five groups of bullets according to their manufacturers in a three-dimensional scores graph, where 3 principal components accounted for>99% of the variability between the samples. The spectral region for Sb and the scattering region together proved to be determinant for discrimination of the groups. The dendrogram presented in the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed the formation of five groups. The k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) correctly classified all samples of the test set. X-ray scattering spectrum were used for the first time in the analysis of the fragments and contributed to the grouping of samples from the same manufacturers. The results indicate that the WDXRF technique is suitable for forensic purposes in case studies, as, besides being quick and relatively simple, it has the advantage of preserving evidence.Cement and water within the concrete mass create a hydrated phase which acts as the glue for holding the sand and coarse aggregates in place to develop a strong construction material. The most important phase within the cement matrix is that of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), which is largely responsible for the concrete strength. Decomposition of the CSH phase due to high temperatures will affect compressive strength of the concrete. Raman bands at 1083, 709 and 276 cm-1, which are representative of the CaCO3 and CSH presence in the concrete matrix phases can be used to assess changes in compressive strength as a result of thermal decomposition. The ratio between 1083/709 cm-1 bands was calculated and correlated to the compression strength of the concrete. The results show there is a rapid decline in strength around a critical peak ratio of 8.78 and a residual compressive strength of 0.62, closely following a polynomial curve. The tool developed here allows an indirect evaluation of the temperature the concrete has been exposed to by studying the band. A case study from a fire scene taken from a warehouse in Kingston (Jamaica) is also presented with the conclusion and results compared. The study showed that Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide in-situ non-destructive testing of fire damaged concrete rapidly and accurately.We report an outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) among stone martens (Martes foina) in Italy. After being rescued in Northern Italy between April and June 2018, six subjects were kept in a wildlife and exotic animal rescue center in Bologna province. Subjects have been monitored for 15 months in captivity. Within this time-lapse, two subjects died, while among the remaining four, only one showed clinical symptoms referable to distemper. Surviving subjects have been regularly tested for CDV by means of reverse transcriptase-PCR from conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs for eleven months. The identified viruses belonged to the Wildlife-Europe CDV genetic subgroup. Neutralizing antibodies were detected at the end of the eleven months, when all subjects tested reverse transcriptase-PCR negative. Our findings confirm the circulation of the Wildlife-Europe CDV genetic subgroup (Europe 1/South America 1 lineage) within the Italian wildlife, and improve knowledge on viral infection in stone martens.
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