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Integration of alumina-phosphate cup together with cobalt-doped this mineral aluminate composition utilizing a very hot embossing technique for microlaser advancement.
Furthermore, AtHSPR interacted with OFP1 and KNAT5 in vitro, which are transcriptional repressors of the GA20ox1 in GA biosynthesis. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that AtHSPR plays a positive role in GA- and light intensity-mediated regulation of flowering and seed set. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a disease characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and immune dysregulation. Although CVID is thought to be a disorder of the peripheral B-cell compartment, in 25% of patients early B-cell development in the bone marrow is impaired. As poor B-cell reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been observed, we hypothesized that in some patients the bone marrow environment is not permissive to B-cell development. Studying the differentiation dynamics of bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells into immature B-cells in vitro allowed us to distinguish patients with B-cell intrinsic defects and patients with a non-permissive bone marrow environment. In the former immature B-cells did not develop and in the latter CD34+cells differentiated into immature cells in vitro, but less efficiently in vivo. In a further group of patients, the uncommitted precursors were unable to support the constant development of B-cells in vitro, indicating a possible low frequency or exhaustion of the precursor population. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation would result in normal B-cell repopulation in case of intrinsic B-cell defect, but in defective B-cell repopulation in a non-permissive environment. Our study points to the importance of the bone marrow niche in the pathogenesis of CVID. Copyright © 2020 American Society of Hematology.Apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) synthesized by the gut regulates lipid metabolism. Sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues also controls lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that ApoA-IV required sympathetic innervation to increase fatty acid (FA) uptake by adipose tissues and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. After 3 weeks feeding of either a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), mice with unilateral denervation of adipose tissues received intraperitoneal administration of recombinant ApoA-IV protein and intravenous infusion of lipid mixture with radioactive triolein. In chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV administration increased FA uptake by intact BAT but not the contralateral denervated BAT or intact white adipose tissue (WAT). Immunoblots showed that, in chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV increased expression of lipoprotein lipase and tyrosine hydroxylase in both intact BAT and inguinal WAT (IWAT), while ApoA-IV enhanced protein levels of β3 adrenergic receptor, adipose triglyceride lipase, and uncoupling protein 1 in the intact BAT only. In HFD-fed mice, ApoA-IV elevated FA uptake by intact epididymal WAT (EWAT) but not intact BAT or IWAT. ApoA-IV increased sympathetic activity assessed by norepinephrine turnover (NETO) rate in BAT and EWAT of chow-fed mice, whereas it elevated NETO only in EWAT of HFD-fed mice. buy HC-7366 These observations suggest that, in chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV activates sympathetic activity of BAT and increases FA uptake by BAT via innervation, while in HFD-fed mice, ApoA-IV stimulates sympathetic activity of EWAT to shunt FAs into the EWAT. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder characterized by antibody-mediated platelet destruction. Different mechanisms have been suggested to explain accelerated platelet clearance and impaired thrombopoiesis, but the pathophysiology of ITP has yet to be fully delineated. In this study, we tested two mouse models of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia using the rat anti-mouse GPIbα monoclonal antibody, 5A7, generated in our laboratory. After a single intravenous administration of high-dose (2 mg/kg) 5A7, opsonized platelets were rapidly cleared from the circulation into the spleen and liver; this was associated with rapid TPO mRNA upregulation. In contrast, subcutaneous administration of low-dose 5A7 (0.08-0.16 mg/kg) every three days gradually lowered the platelet count; in this case, opsonized platelets could only be observed in the spleen and TPO levels remained unaltered. Interestingly, in both models, the 5A7 antibody was found on the surface of, as well as internalized into, bone marrow (BM) megakaryocytes (MKs). Consequently, platelets generated in the chronic phase of repeated subcutaneous 5A7 administration model showed reduced GPIbα membrane expression on their surface. Our findings indicate that evaluation of platelet surface GPIbα relative to platelet size may be a useful marker to support the diagnosis of anti-GPIbα antibody induced ITP. Copyright © 2020 American Society of Hematology.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Floral chemical defence strategies remain understudied despite the significance of flowers to plant fitness, and the fact that many flowers contain secondary metabolites that confer resistance to herbivores. Optimal defence and apparency theories predict that the most apparent plant parts and/or those most important to fitness should be most defended. To test whether within-flower distributions of chemical defence are consistent with these theories we used cyanogenic glycosides (CNglycs), which are constitutive defence metabolites that deter herbivores by releasing hydrogen cyanide upon hydrolysis. METHODS We used cyanogenic florets of the genus Lomatia to investigate at what scale there may be strategic allocation of CNglycs in flowers, what their localisation reveals about function, and whether levels of floral CNglycs differ between eight congeneric species across a climatic gradient. Within-flower distributions of CNglycs during development were quantified, CNglycs were identified and rong selection. Specific, high CNglyc concentrations in transient cells challenge the predictions of defence theories, and highlight the importance of fine-scale metabolite visualisation, and the need for further investigation into the ecological and metabolic roles of CNglycs in floral tissues. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected].
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