Notes

Determining summary criticality involving take-over situations: Affirmation regarding two ranking weighing scales.
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition with articular and extra-articular manifestations peripheral arthritis, axial disease, enthesitis, dactylitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and uveitis. Anti-tumour necrosis factors (anti-TNFs) have demonstrated clinical efficacies exceeding those of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). New understanding in pathogenic pathways have led to novel therapeutic targets. The current treatment paradigms emphasize early diagnosis and treatment, and treating towards remission and low disease activity status, particularly in long-standing disease. This review addresses the evidence of current treatment options for each of the domains of PsA. We present a simple guide that weighs on clinical efficacies for each PsA domain to aid clinicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment for patients. We highlight the unmet need for biomarkers of treatment response, and future perspectives with precision medicine in PsA.
To compare the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and non-specific back pain (NSBP), and to identify the risk factors for CAP in SpA.

A total of 2984 patients with SpA from 11 rheumatology centers and 2526 patients with NSBP from orthopedic units were reviewed from the centralized electronic database in Hong Kong. Incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization and demographic data including age, gender, smoking and drinking status, use of sulfasalazine, individual biological-disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used, micro-organisms, other immunosuppressants or immunosuppressive states, use of steroid for more than ½ year, and co-morbidities were identified. Risks of CAP in SpA were compared with those in NSBP using propensity score regression method. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify the risk factors in SpA.

CAP requiring hospitalization was found in 183 patients with SpA and 138 patients with NSBP. Increased risk for CAP was found in the following groups with SpA all subgroups (hazard ratio (HR) 2.14,
 < 0.001), without use of DMARDs (HR 2.64,
 < 0.001), without psoriasis and not taking DMARDs (HR 2.38,
 < 0.001). Infliximab (HR2.55,
 = 0.04), smoking (HR 1.68,
 = 0.003), comorbid psoriasis (HR 1.67,
 = 0.003), and use of steroid for more than ½ year (HR 1.94,
 = 0.003) were found to associate with CAP after adjustments for traditional risk factors.

Risk of CAP is increased in patients with SpA. Our data favor universal influenza and pneumococcal vaccination programs in the population. Rheumatologists should also advise smoking cessation and avoid long term steroid therapy.
Risk of CAP is increased in patients with SpA. Our data favor universal influenza and pneumococcal vaccination programs in the population. Rheumatologists should also advise smoking cessation and avoid long term steroid therapy.
Several studies have been conducted on factors associated with mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), but few studies have assessed prognostic factors for steroid-free remission in IIM. We investigated the various clinical factors, including body measurements, that affect IIM treatment outcomes.

Patients who were newly diagnosed with IIM between 2000 and 2018 were included. Steroid-free remission was defined as at least 3 months of normalisation of muscle enzymes and no detectable clinical disease activity. The factors associated with steroid-free remission were evaluated by a Cox regression analysis.

Of the 106 IIM patients, 35 displayed steroid-free remission during follow-up periods. In the multivariable Cox regression analyses, immunosuppressants' early use within 1 month after diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR) 6.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.61-14.74,
 < 0.001] and sex-specific height quartiles (second and third quartiles
first quartile, HR 3.65, 95% CI 1.40-9.51,
 = 0.008 and HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.13-7.32,
 = 0.027, respectively) were positively associated with steroid-free remission. Polymyositis
dermatomyositis (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.53,
 = 0.001), presence of dysphagia (HR 0.15, CI 0.05-0.50,
 = 0.002) and highest
lowest quartile of waist circumference (WC; HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.85,
 = 0.027) were negatively associated with steroid-free remission.

The early initiation of immunosuppressant therapy, type of myositis and presence of dysphagia are strong predictors of steroid-free remission in IIM; moreover, height and WC measurements at baseline may provide additional important prognostic value.
The early initiation of immunosuppressant therapy, type of myositis and presence of dysphagia are strong predictors of steroid-free remission in IIM; moreover, height and WC measurements at baseline may provide additional important prognostic value.Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a rapidly developing method for adoptive immunotherapy of tumours in recent years. CAR T-cell therapies have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in the treatment of patients with haematological malignancies. find more A 90% complete response (CR) rate has been reported in patients with advanced relapse or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, while >50% CR rates have been reported in cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and partial B-cell lymphoma. Despite the high CR rates, a subset of the patients with complete remission still relapse. The mechanism of development of resistance is not clearly understood. Some patients have been reported to demonstrate antigen-positive relapse, whereas others show antigen-negative relapses. Patients who relapse following CAR T-cell therapy, have very poor prognosis and novel approaches to overcome resistance are required urgently. Herein, we have reviewed current literature and research that have investigated the strategies to overcome resistance to CAR T-cell therapy.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been related to the pathogenesis of variety categories of cancers. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between MetS and the incidence of lung cancer.

Relevant cohort studies were identified by search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane's Library databases. Cochrane's Q test and I
statistic were used to analyze the heterogeneity. Random-effect model which incorporates the potential heterogeneity was used for the meta-analysis.

Five cohort studies with 188,970 participants were included. A total of 1,295 lung cancer cases occurred during follow-up. Meta-analyses showed that neither MetS defined by the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84 to 1.05, p = 0.25; I
 = 0) nor the IDF criteria (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.11, p = 0.20; I
 = 0) was associated with an affected risk of lung cancer. Subgroup analyses showed consistent results in women and in men, in studies performed in Asian and non-Asian countries, and in prospective and retrospective cohorts (p all > 0.
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