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The way of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine advancement: accomplishment and challenges.
The pooled estimates of the mean retention rates of RBS and GIS on primary molars over an 18-months period were 85.94% and 23.18%, respectively. The certainty in the evidence of each outcome was determined as low or very low mainly because of high risk of overall bias and imprecision. Conclusion There are currently insufficient well-controlled randomized controlled clinical trials to determine whether sealants are beneficial in preventing or arresting noncavitated occlusal caries in the primary molars.Periodontal practice has made tremendous progress toward evidence-based treatment over the past decade. Importantly, a new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant treatments has recently been devised that is incorporating current evidence and enabling patient-specific periodontal care. However, this important progress can be further accelerated with the availability of patient-perceived outcomes of periodontal and implant interventions. The majority of existing clinical studies assess treatment effects based on clinician-measured surrogate outcomes, such as probing depth and attachment levels which are easily communicated to or perceived by dental patients. As dental patient-reported outcomes (dPROs) gain momentum in dental practice, our understanding of the true outcome of dental therapies is vastly increasing. In periodontal research in particular, the utilization of dPROs has clearly demonstrated that periodontal disease contributes to an individual's burden of disease in a substantial manner. Correspondingly, disease treatment interventions seem to lead to varying levels of patient-perceived improvements. The present editorial aims to highlight the importance of patient communication of treatment outcomes in periodontal and implant research and to review the information on available measures for capturing dPROs.Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of mini-implants (MIs) and conventional anchorage appliances used for orthodontic anchorage reinforcement in patients with class I or II malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion. selleck chemical Materials and methods Literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to July 2018. The following Medical Subject Heading terms were used for the search string "skeletal anchorage", "temporary anchorage devices", "miniscrew implant", "mini-implant", "micro-implant". Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of horizontal and vertical movements of teeth from baseline were used for comparison. Results A total of 12 studies were included in the final analysis. MI group significantly lowered mesial movement of molars compared to conventional anchorage group (SMD = -1.48, 95% CI = -2.25 to -0.72; P = .0002). There was significantly higher retraction of incisors in the MI group than in the conventional group (SMD = -0.47 mm, 95% CI = -0.87 to -0.07; P = .02). No significant difference was seen in vertical movement of molars (SMD = -0.21 mm, 95% CI = -0.87 to 0.45; P = .52) and incisors (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI = -1.18 to 0.58; P = .5). Conclusion MIs seem to be more effective than the conventional anchorage devices in terms of minimizing unintended mesial movement of molars with maximum retraction of anterior teeth.Introduction The presence of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with high rates of induction failure and worse survival. Its presence places the patient into a high-risk group. We aimed to describe the outcome of pediatric AML with FLT3-ITD mutation. Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of cases of AML from July 2007 till July 2017 at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt. Results Seventy-one patients had FLT3 gene mutation out of 687 patients with AML. Sixty-five patients had FLT3 gene mutation with allelic ratio > 0.4; 43 (66.1%) of 65 patients experienced complete remission (CR). Of the 43 patients, 16 patients maintained CR, 18 patients relapsed after first CR, 8 patients died, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. Patients with relapsing disease died after salvage chemotherapy, except for one patient, who was alive after second CR. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) was performed for 9 (13.8%) of 65 patients in first CR, of whom 8 were alive and in CR, and 1 patient experienced disease relapse and died. Seven patients (10.7%) were alive without allo-BMT. Three years' overall and event-free survival for patients with FLT3-ITD mutation with high allelic ratio was 26.9% and 22.8%, respectively. Three years' overall and event-free survival for patients treated with allo-BMT was 77.8% and 78.8%, respectively, versus patients treated without allo-BMT, 16.3% and 12.8%, respectively. Conclusion FLT3-ITD mutation in pediatric AML was associated with poor treatment outcomes, and the survival of relapsing patients was extremely poor. Allo-BMT in first remission was the best treatment option. Alternative donor transplants and FLT3 inhibitors are needed to improve outcome in developing countries.Like asthma and atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis is an allergic disease, but of the three, it is the only type I allergic disease. Allergic rhinitis includes pollinosis, which is intractable and reduces quality of life (QOL) when it becomes severe. A guideline is needed to understand allergic rhinitis and to use this knowledge to develop a treatment plan. In Japan, the first guideline was prepared after a symposium held by the Japanese Society of Allergology in 1993. The current 8th edition was published in 2016, and is widely used today. To incorporate evidence based medicine (EBM) introduced from abroad, the most recent collection of evidence/literature was supplemented to the Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Japan 2016. The revised guideline includes assessment of diagnosis/treatment and prescriptions for children and pregnant women, for broad clinical applications. An evidence-based step-by-step strategy for treatment is also described. In addition, the QOL concept and cost benefit analyses are also addressed. Along with Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact of Asthma (ARIA), this guideline is widely used for various clinical purposes, such as measures for patients with sinusitis, childhood allergic rhinitis, oral allergy syndrome, and anaphylaxis and for pregnant women. A Q&A section regarding allergic rhinitis in Japan was added to the end of this guideline.
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