Notes

Cholecystokinin-like peptide mediates satiety simply by curbing glucose attraction.
fracture diagnoses and alternative viewpoints for pre-operative planning.
The Judet-Letournel classification demonstrated only moderate rates of agreement. The use of 3-D printed models increased the inter-observer agreement rates with respect to fracture classification, but decreased it with respect to the preferred surgical approach. This study highlights the role of 3-D printed models in acetabular fractures by improving spatial understanding of these complex injuries, thus providing more reliable fracture diagnoses and alternative viewpoints for pre-operative planning.
A fracture of the acetabulum is an uncommon, but serious injury. Established outcome tools do not reflect the patient's perspective after fracture of the hip joint. Originally designed for post-arthroplasty patients, the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) is a patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) tool evaluating the disease-specific health-related quality of life (HR-QoL).

To validate the FJS in patients after acetabular fracture.

In a prospective mono-centric cohort study, we evaluated 100 patients at mean 5.2 ± 3.6 years after a fracture of the acetabulum. The validation study followed the complete COSMIN checklist protocol. For calculation of convergent validity, we used the Tegner-Activity Scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the EuroQol-5D, and a subjective rating of change as an anchor variable.

We confirmed good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. With an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 (95%CI 0.97, 0.99), test-retest reliability of the FJS was excellent. Correlation coefficients between the questionnaires were moderate to high ranging from |0.56| to |0.83| (absolute value). No relevant floor or ceiling effects occurred. Standard error of measurement was 3.2 and smallest detectable change (SDC) was 8.8. Thus, changes greater than 8.8 points between two assessments denote a real change in FJS.

The FJS is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of patient-reported outcome in posttraumatic condition after acetabular fracture. The SDC indicating a real clinical improvement was 8.8 points in the FJS. We could confirm responsiveness of the FJS and found no relevant floor- or ceiling effects.
The FJS is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of patient-reported outcome in posttraumatic condition after acetabular fracture. The SDC indicating a real clinical improvement was 8.8 points in the FJS. We could confirm responsiveness of the FJS and found no relevant floor- or ceiling effects.Diabetic foot is among the most common complications of patients with diabetes. One of the known causes of foot ulceration is ankle equinus, which increases the pressure on the plantar surface during ambulation. Conversely, equinus contracture can be caused by a complicated wound, and it may be due to prolonged immobilization. In this paper, we reviewed the pathogenesis of both conditions and their clinical considerations. Poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes may result in angiopathy and neuropathy as an underlying condition. An ulcer can be precipitated by an injury, improper foot care, or increased biomechanical loading as seen in elevated plantar pressure following equinus contracture. Equinus contracture may be a direct effect of hyperglycemia or can arise in combination with another pathway, for example, involving the activation of transforming growth factor β. Static positioning resulting from any prior foot wound may develop fibrotic changes leading to contracture. STA-4783 in vitro Wound healing promoting factors can also result in overhealing outcomes such as hypertrophic scarring and fibrosis. The body's repair mechanism during the healing cascade activates repair cells and myofibroblasts, which also serve as the main producers and organizers of the extracellular matrix. Considering this intricate pathogenesis, appropriate interventions are essential for breaking the vicious cycle that may disturb wound healing.On behalf of the Editorial Office of World Journal of Orthopedics (WJO), we extend our sincere gratitude to our authors, subscribers, readers, Editorial Board members, and peer reviewers, thanking each and every one for their contributions to WJO in 2020 and with wishes for a Happy New Year. It was the support of all our Editorial Board members and peer reviewers that allowed the Baishideng Publishing Group Inc to successfully carry out the complete peer review, editing and publishing processes for WJO in 2020. We have analyzed the data of WJO's manuscript submissions and article publications in 2020, the invited manuscripts for 2021, manuscript peer review, composition of Editorial Board, and citation of WJO's articles, and present the findings here. We expect to be even more productive and to further raise the academic rank of WJO in 2021.COVID-19, the novel corona virus has become a household name. The global COVID-19 outbreak, become a pandemic in early 2020, and spurred millions of life across the world. The pandemic is spreading extremely and its impacts upon human health and environment intensifying day-by-day. Biomedical waste generated daily due to COVID-19 are about the major environmental health concern and its critical management becomes a global challenge. Tones of COVID-19 contaminated wastes are generated every day worldwide and its sound management is very essential to break the disease transmission. The safe and sustainable management of COVID-19 contaminated biomedical waste (BMW) is a social and legal responsibility of all people during this critical period of disease transmission. Unsound management of this waste could cause unforeseen "knock-on" effects on human health and the environment. Health workers, municipal workers, rag-pickers and other persons who are involved directly or indirectly in the COVID -19 war are at high risk and needs to be careful while discharging their responsibility with an efficient and effective waste disposal mechanism.The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused unpredictable mortality and economic losses globally. With no approved drug for the treatment, the accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 becomes essential. RNA based test takes several hours and require extensive human intervention for RNA extraction and RT-PCR, but it is preferred over the antibody-based detection as the latter does not detect the early stage infections. The RT-PCR being a gold standard of COVID-19 diagnosis offers highly standardized detection of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA, still vulnerable for false-negative diagnosis due to absence of infected cells in the sample or inaccurate RNA extraction. Hence there is a need to develop alternative protocols and methods for the accurate COVID-19 diagnosis. Here we propose two additional steps in RT-PCR based COVID-19 diagnosis to minimize false-negative detection. The first step involves collection of four samples from an individual. Each sample should be collected from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal regions on day 01, mixed together followed by RNA extraction and then repeating the same exercise on day 03.
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