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Confocal fluorescent microscopy revealed that the Fggy-L variants appear to localize evenly throughout the cytoplasm, while the Fggy-S variants produce a more punctuate cytoplasmic localization pattern in proliferating muscle cells. Finally, ectopic expression of Fggy-L-552 and Fggy-S-387 resulted in inhibition of muscle cell differentiation and attenuation of the MAP kinase and Akt signaling pathways. The identification and characterization of novel genes such as Fggy helps to improve our understanding of the molecular and cellular events that lead to atrophy and may eventually result in the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of muscle wasting.Diabetes is the main cause of peripheral neuropathy where older patients are at increased risk of diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) due to age-related nerve degeneration and vascular changes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on nerve conduction, measures of neuropathy and arterial stiffness in older patients with DSPN. In a randomized controlled trial, thirty-four older adults with type-2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were enrolled and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group carried out circuit resistance training (1-3 rounds, 11 exercises, 10-15 reps, 50%-60% of 1RM, 3 times per week) for 12 weeks. Measurements were performed at baseline and 48 h after the intervention. Measures of DSPN including Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI), Michigan diabetic neuropathy score (MDNS), motor nerve action potential amplitude (APA), sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) improved following intervention (p less then 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.034, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Sensory APA did not change after the intervention (p = 0.139). Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) improved in the experimental group compared with the control group (p = 0.014 and p = 0.033, respectively). In addition, HbA1C decreased following the 12-week resistance training program (p = 0.002). Older adults with DSPN respond positively to resistance training by improved neuropathy symptoms, nerve conduction, arterial stiffness and glucose regulation. Resistance training offers a positive intervention that can abate the progression of DSPN in older adults.
High anion gap acidosis frequently develops in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and might be involved in kidney injury. Its impact on kidney outcomes, however, has not been well studied. We sought to examine the association between time-updated anion gap and the risk of kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) among patients with advanced CKD.

Retrospective cohort study.

1,168 patients with CKD stages G3b-G5 who had available data on anion gap.

High time-updated anion gap defined as values ≥9.2 (top 25th percentile).

KFRT and death.

Marginal structural models (MSM) were fit to characterize the association between anion gap and study outcomes while accounting for potential time-dependent confounding.

The mean baseline eGFR of the study participants was 28 mL/min/1.73m
. Over a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 317 patients progressed to KFRT (7.5/100 patient-years) and 146 died (3.5/100 patient-years). In the MSM, a high anion gap was associated with a higher rate of KFRT (hazard ratio [HR], 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94-4.75; P<0.001). This association was stronger in patients with baseline eGFR of <30 mL/min/1.73m
(P for interaction=0.05). High anion gap was also associated with a higher mortality rate (HR, 5.56; 95% CI, 2.95-10.5; P<0.001). Sensitivity analyses with different definitions of high anion gap showed similar results.

Observational study design; selection bias due clinical indications for measuring anion gap.

Among patients with advanced CKD, high anion gap was associated with an increased risk of progression to KFRT and death.
Among patients with advanced CKD, high anion gap was associated with an increased risk of progression to KFRT and death.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread around the world. As of the end of June 2021, there were approximately 181 million confirmed cases and more than 3.9 million deaths across the globe. The colossal impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is driving the biggest vaccination campaign in human history. All 3 vaccines authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) have been thoroughly studied and found to be safe and effective in preventing severe COVID-19 cases. While short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccine resemble those of other vaccines, long-term side effects remain unknown. Rare side effects continue to surface as millions of people receive COVID-19 vaccines around the world, as compared with the thousands enrolled in the clinical trials. Metabolism inhibitor We report a case of new-onset renal-limited ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) in a 78-year-old woman with previously normal kidney function after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The patient developed acute kidney injury with proteinuria and microscopic hematuria with many dysmorphic red blood cells in the urine. Anti-myeloperoxidase antibody titer was elevated. Kidney biopsy showed pauci-immune crescentic necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Kidney function improved after treatment with steroids and rituximab. Our patient had normal routine laboratory testing before the vaccination. Although this case cannot demonstrate a causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and AAV, ongoing surveillance for similar complications would be prudent as worldwide vaccination efforts continue.Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a musculoskeletal pain condition that often develops after limb injury and/or immobilization. Although the exact mechanisms underlying CRPS are unknown, the syndrome is associated with central and autonomic nervous system dysregulation and peripheral hyperalgesia symptoms. These symptoms also manifest in alcoholic neuropathy, suggesting that the two conditions may be pathophysiologically accretive. Interestingly, people assigned female at birth (AFAB) appear to be more sensitive to both CRPS and alcoholic neuropathy. To better understand the biobehavioral mechanisms underlying these conditions, we investigated a model of combined CRPS and alcoholic neuropathy in female rats. Animals were pair-fed either a Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet or a control diet for ten weeks. CRPS was modeled via unilateral hind limb cast immobilization for seven days, allowing for the other limb to serve as a within-subject control for hyperalgesia measures. To investigate the role of circulating ovarian hormones on pain-related behaviors, half of the animals underwent ovariectomy (OVX).
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