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Weakly collisional, strongly cooled copper flows collided to form thin shocks that developed inconsistently and fragmented. Effectively collisionless, strongly cooled tungsten flows interpenetrated, producing long axial density perturbations.We present a theoretical formalism to study steady-state information transmission in a coherent type-1 feed-forward loop motif with an additive signal integration mechanism. Our construct allows a two-step cascade to be slowly transformed into a bifurcation network via a feed-forward loop, which is a prominent network motif. Using a Gaussian framework, we show that among these three network patterns, the feed-forward loop motif harnesses the maximum amount of Shannon mutual information fractions constructed between the final gene-product and each of the master and coregulators of the target gene. We also show that this feed-forward loop motif provides a substantially lower amount of noise in target gene expression, compared with the other two network structures. Our theoretical predictions, which remain invariant for a couple of parametric transformations, point out that the coherent type-1 feed-forward loop motif may qualify as a better decoder of environmental signals when compared with the other two network patterns in perspective.Third-order transport coefficient tensor of charged-particle swarms in neutral gases in the presence of spatially uniform electric and magnetic fields is considered using a multiterm solution of Boltzmann's equation and Monte Carlo simulation technique. The structure of the third-order transport coefficient tensor and symmetries along its individual components in varying configurations of electric and magnetic fields are addressed using a group projector technique and through symmetry considerations of the Boltzmann equation. In addition, we focus upon the physical interpretation of the third-order transport coefficient tensor by considering the extended diffusion equation which incorporates the contribution of the third-order transport coefficients to the density profile of charged particles. Numerical calculations are carried out for electron and ion swarms for a range of model gases with the aim of establishing accurate benchmarks for third-order transport coefficients. The effects of ion to neutral-particle mass ratio are also examined. The errors of the two-term approximation for solving the Boltzmann equation and limitations of previous treatments of the high-order charged-particle transport properties are also highlighted.Using Monte Carlo simulation, we have studied the percolation of discorectangles. Also known as stadiums or two-dimensional spherocylinders, a discorectangle is a rectangle with semicircles at a pair of opposite sides. Scaling analysis was performed to obtain the percolation thresholds in the thermodynamic limits. We found that (i) for the two marginal aspect ratios ɛ=1 (disc) and ɛ→∞ (stick) the percolation thresholds coincide with known values within the statistical error and (ii) for intermediate values of ɛ the percolation threshold lies between the percolation thresholds for ellipses and rectangles and approaches the latter as the aspect ratio increases.We extend the step-balanced random walk [Y. Maruyama, Phys. Rev. E 96, 032135 (2017)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.96.032135], which was proposed for diffusion phenomena in three-dimensional discontinuous media, to systems that contain anisotropic phase zones with nonplane interfaces. What is key is threefold For each interstep transition at discontinuous interfaces to be equilibrated by its reverse transition, incident and penetration steps are in one-to-one correspondence; at each incidence, penetration probability is determined by the normal components of an incident step and the corresponding penetration step with respect to an incident tangential plane, and for reflection, the reverse of an incident step, which satisfies the conditions for time reversibility at any interface, is used as a reflection step.In this paper, we develop a discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) for a general nonlinear convection-diffusion equation (NCDE) and show that the NCDE can be recovered correctly from the present model through the Chapman-Enskog analysis. We then test the present DUGKS through some classic convection-diffusion equations, and we find that the numerical results are in good agreement with analytical solutions and that the DUGKS model has a second-order convergence rate. Compound 19 inhibitor cell line Finally, as a finite-volume method, the DUGKS can also adopt the nonuniform mesh. Besides, we perform some comparisons among the DUGKS, the finite-volume lattice Boltzmann model (FV-LBM), the single-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model (SLBM), and the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model (MRT-LBM). The results show that the present DUGKS is more accurate than the FV-LBM, more stable than the SLBM, and almost has the same accuracy as the MRT-LBM. Moreover, the use of nonuniform mesh may make the DUGKS model more flexible.We present results from Langevin dynamics simulations of a glassy active-passive mixture of soft-repulsive binary colloidal disks. Activity on the smaller particles is applied according to the quorum sensing scheme, in which a smaller particle will be active for a persistence time if its local nearest neighbors are equal to or greater than a certain threshold value. We start with a passive glassy state of the system and apply activity to the smaller particles, which shows a nonmonotonous glassy character of the active particles with the persistence time of the active force, from its passive limit (zero activity). On the other hand, passive particles of the active-passive mixture phase separate at the intermediate persistence time of the active force, resulting in the hexatic-liquid and solid-liquid phases. Thus, our system shows three regimes as active glass, phase separation, and active liquid, as the persistence time increases from its smaller values. We show that the solidlike and hexatic phases consisting of passive large particles are stable due to the smaller momentum transfer from active to passive particles, compared to the higher persistence time where the positional and orientational ordering vanishes. Our model is relevant to active biological systems, where glassy dynamics is present, e.g., bacterial cytoplasm, biological tissues, dense quorum sensing bacteria, and synthetic smart amorphous glasses.
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