Notes

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Maternal antenatal stress, including symptoms of depression, anxiety and perceived stress, is associated with mental and behavioral problems in children. Whether it is associated with child mental and behavioral disorders remains uncertain. We examined if maternal antenatal symptoms of depression, anxiety and perceived stress were associated with mental and behavioral disorders in their children, if the associations varied according to gestational week, stress type, fluctuating or consistently high symptoms, and if they were driven by maternal or paternal lifetime mood or anxiety disorders.

3365 mothers participating in the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO) study completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the State Anxiety Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale up to 14 times throughout pregnancy. The Care Register for Health Care provided data on mental and behavioral (including neurodevelopmental) disorders for their children from birth (11/07/2006-07/24/2010) until 12/31/2016 and for parental lifetime mood and anxiety disorders until 12/31/2016.

The hazard of any childhood mental and behavioral disorder (HR=1.91, 95% CI 1.39-2.51) was significantly higher for children whose mothers reported consistently high in comparison to consistently low levels of all types of stress throughout pregnancy. The associations remained significant when adjusted for maternal and paternal lifetime mood and anxiety disorders (and their comorbidity and timing and mood disorder type).

Maternal antenatal stress is associated with higher risk of childhood mental and behavioral disorders. Efforts to reduce maternal antenatal stress should be given a high priority to improve child mental health.
Maternal antenatal stress is associated with higher risk of childhood mental and behavioral disorders. Efforts to reduce maternal antenatal stress should be given a high priority to improve child mental health.
There are now over 800,000 registered deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Researchers have suggested that COVID-19 death characteristics (e.g., intensive care admission, unexpected death) and circumstances (e.g., secondary stressors, social isolation) will precipitate a worldwide increase of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD). Yet, no study has investigated this. Since acute grief is a strong predictor of future pathological grief, we compared grief levels among people recently bereaved due to COVID-19, natural, and unnatural causes.

People bereaved through COVID-19 (n=49), natural causes (n=1182), and unnatural causes (n=210), completed self-report measures of demographic and loss-related characteristics and PGD and PCBD symptoms.

COVID-19 bereavement yielded higher symptom levels of PGD (d=0.42) and PCBD (d=0.35) than natural bereavement (but not unnatural bereavement). Effects held when limiting analyses to recent losses and those who participated during the pandemic. Expectedness of the death explained this effect.

Limitations include using a convenience sample and self-report measures.

Higher grief levels occur among people bereaved due to COVID-19 compared to people bereaved due to natural loss. We predict that pandemic-related increases in pathological grief will become a worldwide public health concern.
Higher grief levels occur among people bereaved due to COVID-19 compared to people bereaved due to natural loss. We predict that pandemic-related increases in pathological grief will become a worldwide public health concern.Investigation of manual actions has supported the proposition that the right and left cerebral hemispheres have complementary specializations relevant for movement control. To test the extent to which hemisphere specialization affect lower limb control, we compared performance between the legs in two motor tasks. A pedal aiming task was employed to test the notion of left hemisphere specialization for dynamic control, and unipedal balance was employed to test the notion of right hemisphere specialization for impedance control. Evaluation was conducted on young adults, in the contexts of separate (Experiment 1) and integrated (Experiment 2) performance of the probing tasks. Results from the aiming task showed equivalent movement linearity toward the target between the right and left feet across experiments. Analysis of unipedal balance revealed that increased stance stability when supported on the left leg was observed when performing simultaneously the aiming task with the contralateral foot, but not in the context of isolated task performance. Tulmimetostat chemical structure These results are inconsistent with the proposition of left hemisphere specialization for dynamic control in the lower limbs, and suggest that specialization of the right hemisphere for impedance control can be observed in balance control when stance is associated with voluntary movements of the contralateral lower limb.Soybean protein isolate (SPI) powders were prepared at different ultrafine grinding time, and the functional and flavor properties of microparticulation SPI were evaluated. With extending ultrafine grinding time, a narrow and uniform particle size distribution in SPI powders was produced. The particle sizes of protein powders at grinding time 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h significantly reduced from 217 ± 16.5-137.5 ± 10.7 nm, while the absolute values of zeta-potential significantly increased from 25 ± 0.93-32.4 ± 117 mV (P less then 0.05). The microstructure of SPI at grinding time 0-8 h changed from smooth to irregular. With prolonging the ultrafine grinding processing time, the solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties of SPI powders were improved, the content ofα-helix, β-sheet and random coils increased, while β-turn decreased. Furthermore, the ultrafine grinding time clearly influenced the volatile compounds of SPI powders. The main flavor compounds were aldehydes, alcohols, acids, ketones and alkanes. SPI powders for grinding time 2, 4, 6 and 8 h exhibited the higher total content of volatile compounds compared to that for 0 h. So the ultrafine grinding treatment at appropriate time could affect the functional and flavor properties of SPI.
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