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An Revise upon Improvements within COVID-19 Research laboratory Medical diagnosis as well as Testing Guidelines in Asia.
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been associated with increased somatic symptom expression. Sleep concerns have been associated with PTSS and somatic symptoms. Previous research suggests that sleep affects multiple domains of functioning including comorbid psychological and physical health concerns. The current study examines whether perceived sleep quality or sleep efficiency/duration may be mediating the relationship between PTSS and somatic symptoms in a trauma-exposed sample. METHOD The sample consisted of 864 students, recruited from a large Midwestern university and compensated with research participation credit. Data were collected online over approximately 39 months (October 2015 through January 2019), and the pertinent scales examined in this study included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, and Screening for Somatoform Symptoms-7. RESULTS Of the 864 students, 668 participants identified as female (77.3%) and 540 identified as non-Hispanic White (62.5%), with an overall average age of 23.14 years (SD = 6.64). Mediation analyses indicated that the overall model examining global sleep quality complaints as a mechanism of the relationship between PTSS and somatic symptoms was significant, F(3, 860) = 193.97, R² = .40, p less then .001, and that perceived sleep quality was found to be the only significant specific mediator (indirect effect = .21). selleck compound Although females reported greater somatic severity, PTSS, and sleep concerns, models were significant, even after examining the influence of gender. CONCLUSIONS Global sleep complaints are associated with both PTSS and somatic symptoms. Perceived sleep quality specifically mediated the relationship between PTSS and somatic symptoms, highlighting a potential intervention for improving physical health consequences in trauma-exposed individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur, with elevated rates of both disorders in lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) samples. Few studies have compared the strength of PTSD-AUD associations between LGB and heterosexual individuals or evaluated the role of nontraumatic LGB discrimination in these relationships among sexual minorities. METHOD The current study utilized nationally representative epidemiological data (N = 29,646) to (a) examine whether associations between lifetime trauma endorsement/PTSD and lifetime alcohol dependence (AD) differ as a function of sexual minority status and (b) evaluate the role of LGB-specific discrimination in trauma/PTSD and AD associations among LGB individuals. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed the association between lifetime trauma endorsement and lifetime AD was significantly greater in magnitude for LGB individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17) compared to heterosexual individuals (OR = 1.32; Z = 2.51, p .05). CONCLUSIONS LGB individuals demonstrate stronger associations between lifetime trauma endorsement and AD, relative to heterosexual counterparts; however, this association may not be accounted for or moderated by nontraumatic LGB discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).OBJECTIVE South Korea had the second largest contingent of soldiers in the Vietnam War, but little is known about their adaptation, especially in later life. Previous work in a different sample found very high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 41%) among Korean Vietnam veterans (KVVs; Kang, Kim, & Lee, 2014), compared to 19-31% for American Vietnam veterans. We explored possible reasons for this high rate of PTSD, as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms, utilizing both vulnerability factors (e.g., war stressors) and protective factors (optimism, unit cohesion, and homecoming experiences). METHOD The sample included 367 male KVVs surveyed by mail (M age = 72, SD = 2.66). Using hierarchical regressions controlling for demographics, we examined the relative contributions of different types of war stressors and then the protective factors. RESULTS Combat exposure was significantly associated with the three types of negative psychological symptoms, but their associations became nonsignificant when "subjective" war stressors (malevolent environments, perceived threat, and moral injury) were added. In the final models, malevolent environments were the strongest predictor for all three outcomes. In addition, moral injury was independently associated with PTSD symptoms, while perceived threat was marginally associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Among psychosocial factors, only optimism was negatively associated with the mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION KVVs had very high rates of combat exposure, but malevolent environments played a more important role in their mental health in later life. These findings suggest the importance of considering adverse environmental factors in understanding PTSD in future studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Grounded in Psychology of Working Theory (PWT), the current study investigated predictors of decent work among a sample of employed women (N = 528). A structural equation model was examined finding that women's experiences of marginalization, work volition, and career adaptability all directly predicted the attainment of decent work, and economic constraints and marginalization experiences indirectly predicted decent work via work volition. Additionally, workplace climate for women employees was examined as both a predictor and moderator variable to explore best positioning of this additive construct. Workplace climate did not significantly moderate any model paths; however, it was a unique predictor of work volition and decent work, suggesting that this construct may be better positioned as a predictor variable in understanding the work experiences of women. These results highlight the importance of further investigating the role of workplace climate in PWT as well as the need for refining our understanding of how marginalized employees achieve decent work.
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