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Cut-throat expansion kinetics of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7 along with Listeria monocytogenes together with enteric microflora in a small-intestine design.
HIV is prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, and depression frequently co-occurs. Depression is one of the most important predictors of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Little has been done to develop integrated interventions that are feasible and appropriate for task-shifting to nonspecialists that seek to address both depression and barriers to ART adherence in Sub-Saharan Africa. This case series describes an integrated intervention for depression and ART adherence delivered by a lay adherence counselor and supervised by a local psychologist. The 6-session intervention was based on problem-solving therapy for depression and for barriers to adherence (PST-AD), with stepped care for those whose depression did not recover with PST-AD. Primary outcomes were acceptability and depression. Acceptability was measured by participant attendance to the 6 sessions. Three case studies illustrate the structured intervention, solutions identified to adherence barriers and to problems underlying low mood, and changes seen in the clients' psychological symptoms. Acceptability of the intervention was high and common mental disorder symptoms scores measured using the SRQ-8 decreased overall. An integrated intervention for depression and adherence to ART appeared feasible in this low-income setting. An RCT of the intervention versus an appropriate comparison condition is needed to evaluate clinical and cost-effectiveness.Three cases of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR), which mimicked other retinal pathologies, were reported. Different preliminary diagnoses were made initially, but thorough examination combined with the appropriate investigations led to the final diagnosis of PEHCR. Despite the rare occurrence of PEHCR, it must be included in the differential diagnosis for peripheral retinal diseases. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.Congenital lipodystrophy syndromes are characterized by a paucity of adipose tissue and are associated with metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and severe hypertriglyceridemia. Herein, we present a case of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with an attack of anterior uveitis in a young female with congenital generalized lipodystrophy - Berardinelli-Seip syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of ocular involvement in Berardinelli-Seip syndrome. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE Does perioperative use of Rho-Kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have beneficial effect on corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification? SETTING This study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh. DESIGN This was a prospective study assessing the effect of ROCK inhibitors on corneal endothelium after phacoemulsification. METHODOLOGY Three patients have used ROCK inhibitor 1 day before and 1 week after phacoemulsification surgery, and specular microscopy and Pentacam were done preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS Endothelial cell density decreased to 11.3%, 9.45%, and 4.09% in eyes with ROCK inhibitors and 23.9% in one eye without ROCK inhibitor. CONCLUSION Perioperative ROCK inhibitor use has a possible protective effect on corneal endothelium. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.Natural honey in spite of its usefulness is known to contain certain microorganisms. In the present study, we describe a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis after using topical honey administered by a traditional medicine therapist. A 32-year-old male came with red eye and blurred vision. The pain and other symptoms became more severe after the 1st week, with appearance of radial perineuritis at the cornea. A repeated interview revealed that 1 week before appearance of ocular symptoms, the patient had instilled a drop of natural honey in his left eye. Confocal microscopic cornea imaging demonstrated cyst and trophozoite of Acanthamoeba in the corneal stroma. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.We report the trans-operative approach and short-term outcome of a patient who suffered a traumatic avulsion of the cilioretinal artery branch during the surgical management of a cilioretinal arterial branch occlusion (CRABO) with intraocular embolectomy. A patient with acute CRABO underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with in situ embolectomy. The blocked artery was incised using 25 gauge vertical scissors, and embolus manipulation was done using microsurgical forceps. During embolus extraction, the occluded cilioretinal artery and its branch were inadvertently avulsed and torn with subsequent intense bleeding. Laser and endodiathermy were used for acute hemostasis. The maneuvers created an unintended retinochoroidal anastomosis. Visual field improvement was noted 3 months after the surgery. In the event of a complicated surgical embolectomy with the avulsion of the artery, the formation of a retinochoroidal anastomosis and reperfusion of the occluded may occur along with the improvement of visual fields in some cases. Copyright © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), to identify the risk factors that predispose to ROP, and to assess the outcome of these infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study on premature infants with a birth weight (BW) of less then 1501 g or gestational age (GA) of less then 32 weeks. These infants were admitted to the NICU at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2010 to December 2014. RESULTS Five hundred and ninety-three infants were included; data were available for 581 infants. Of them, 224 infants (38.6%) had ROP. Of these, 22 infants (10.4%) had stage 3 ROP. selleck The mean BW of infants with ROP was 938.4 ± 257.9 g, and the mean GA at birth was 27 ± 2.4 weeks. A significant relationship with a P less then 0.05 was found between the occurrence of ROP and small GA at birth, low BW, low APGAR score at 1 min, and long duration of receiving oxygen (O2) therapy.
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