Notes

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o AC without virologic suppression or proven ability to adhere to ART are at high risk of mortality. Mortality was noted as a consequence of advanced HIV disease, frequent mental health problems and poor adherence to ART.
Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Morganella, and Serratia (AmpC organisms) species can exhibit third-generation cephalosporin (TGC) resistance after TGC exposure. We aimed to assess if institutional TGC utilization correlated with institutional AmpC organism susceptibility and if prior TGC exposure ≤48 hours were associated with TGC resistance in the first culture of a future infection episode caused by an AmpC organism.

A 5-year retrospective cohort study was performed, including AmpC organisms isolated from pediatric urinary and respiratory tract cultures at an institution with TGC courses reviewed by the antimicrobial stewardship program at 48 hours. Correlations were assessed by Pearson's correlation. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with TGC resistance in a subcohort of infection episodes.

Among 654 cultures, AmpC organism TGC susceptibility increased from 74% in 2013 to 89.3% in 2017, and this correlated with a 26.1% decrease in TGC utilization (R = -0.906; P = 0.034). Among 275 AmpC organism infections, 21.1% were resistant. Resistance occurred in 13.6%, 17.4%, and 56.5% of infections with no exposure, ≤48 hours, and >48 hours of TGC exposure in the past 30 days, respectively. TGC exposure ≤48 hours was not associated with resistance (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-4.94; P = 0.74), whereas, TGC exposure >48 hours was (OR, 8.7; 95% CI, 3.67-20.6; P  < 0.001). Infections in 2017 were less likely to be resistant (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.8; P = 0.019).

Decreased TGC utilization, likely related to antimicrobial stewardship, correlated with increased AmpC organism susceptibility. Limiting TGC exposure to ≤48 hours when possible may reduce AmpC organism resistance in future infections.
Decreased TGC utilization, likely related to antimicrobial stewardship, correlated with increased AmpC organism susceptibility. Limiting TGC exposure to ≤48 hours when possible may reduce AmpC organism resistance in future infections.Alcohol consumption has significantly increased in South Korea, with binge drinking looming as a serious issue. This study aimed to identify differences in drinking characteristics and the risk factors of binge drinking across three age groups young adults, middle-aged adults, and seniors. This study was a descriptive, secondary analysis study based on the data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. In this study, we analyzed data from 5,604 respondents aged 20 years and older using Rao-Scott chi-square and analysis of variance. To analyze the risk factors of binge drinking by gender and age groups, multiple logistic regression analysis was applied. Results indicated that the three age groups were significantly different in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and drinking characteristics. Rates of binge drinking were much higher in young adults in both men and women. The factors influencing binge drinking varied by age group and gender; however, in both men and women, participants who drank alcohol once a month or more showed a significantly higher risk of binge drinking than those who did not across all age groups. Younger initial drinking age and daily smoking were key risk factors of binge drinking among young and middle-aged adults in both men and women. Given the findings from this study, interventions considering the differences in drinking characteristics and risk factors of binge drinking across the age groups as well as focusing on the risk of binge drinking among young adults must be developed in communities and clinical settings.People experiencing substance use disorders, homelessness, mental health conditions, or poverty often have difficultly engaging in healthcare services particularly prevention services. This brief report describes two nursing interventions implemented by nursing students that aim to empower vulnerable populations and draw them into care using empathetic and patient-centered approaches. The first intervention uses street outreach with naloxone training in an area of Baltimore experiencing a high rate of overdose deaths. The second uses home or street outreach to link people living with HIV to HIV care.It is the position of the International Nurses Society on Addictions that all nurses, in all settings, should be prepared to provide care to patients with alcohol use problems, especially for women of childbearing age.
The aim of this stu dy was to determine the levels of internalized stigma and social functioning of patients with alcohol use disorders.

The study is cross-sectional and descriptive. The data were collected between August 2017 and August 2018 using face-to-face interviews with 104 alcohol-dependent patients who were undergoing inpatient treatment. The data collection was done so through personal information forms, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS), and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Descriptive statistics, t test, and correlation analysis were used in evaluating data.

Analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients showed that the mean age was 47.28 ± 10.10 years and 92.3% of the patients were male. The mean age of patients when they first started drinking alcohol is 19.37 ± 6.25 years. It was determined that 85.5% of the patients were also cigarette smokers, 37.5% were previously treated because of alcohol dependence, and 34.6% are currently having legal probthermore, as ISMIS tends to increase, SFS (interpersonal functioning, prosocial activities, recreational activities, independence-performance) levels decrease.Attitudes of health professionals have an effect on the quality of care provided to individuals with alcohol use disorders. The identification of health professionals' attitudes supports strategies that promote positive attitudes and improve the quality of the health care provided to this population. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 831 health professionals. Data were collected using the scale of attitudes toward alcohol, alcohol use disorder, and individuals with alcohol use disorders. Pearson test, Analysis of Variance, and Bayesian linear regression were used to analyze the data. There was a predominance of positive attitudes among all professional categories, with the exception of attitudes toward the etiology of alcohol use disorder and attitudes toward alcoholic beverages and their use. learn more The respondent's age and professional category influenced his or her attitudes toward alcohol and associated issues. There are differences in the attitudes of professionals from different professional groups, which may contribute to inconsistencies in the care provided for individuals with alcohol use disorders.
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